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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-1053</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Токсическое влияние микрочастиц пластика на культуру Scenedesmus quadricauda: взаимодействие между микрочастицами пластика и водорослью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxic effects of microplastics on culture Scenedesmus quadricauda: interactions between microplastics and algae</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-5593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазарева Анна Максимовна – аспирант кафедры общей экологии и гидробиологии биологического факультета</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-27-91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biological Faculty</p><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1–12, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazanna1998@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-6913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ипатова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ipatova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ипатова Валентина Ивановна – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. кафедры общей экологии и гидробиологии биологического факультета</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-27-91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biological Faculty</p><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1–12, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viipatova@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-7180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Il’ina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильина Олеся Васильевна – инженер кафедры общей экологии и гидробиологии биологического факультета</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-27-91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biological Faculty</p><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1–12, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulesya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-0256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тодоренко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Todorenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тодоренко Дарья Алексеевна – канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. кафедры биофизики биологического факультета</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-35-03</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biological Faculty</p><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1–12, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">todorenko@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6164-5625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маторин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matorin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маторин Дмитрий Николаевич – докт. биол. наук, проф. кафедры биофизики биологического факультета</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-35-03</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biological Faculty</p><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1–12, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matorin@biophys.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-4516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байжуманов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baizhumanov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байжуманов Адиль Ануарович – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. кафедры биофизики биологического факультета</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-35-03</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biological Faculty</p><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1–12, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adilbayzhumanov@biophys.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>225</fpage><lpage>233</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лазарева А.М., Ипатова В.И., Ильина О.В., Тодоренко Д.А., Маторин Д.Н., Байжуманов А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазарева А.М., Ипатова В.И., Ильина О.В., Тодоренко Д.А., Маторин Д.Н., Байжуманов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazareva A.M., Ipatova V.I., Il’ina O.V., Todorenko D.A., Matorin D.N., Baizhumanov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1053">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1053</self-uri><abstract><p>В окружающей среде постоянно увеличивается количество частиц микропластика в результате распада пластиковых отходов, сжигание которых сопряжено с воздушными выбросами и концентрированием токсичных продуктов горения в зольных остатках. Изучению влияния микрочастиц пластика на живые объекты посвящено много работ, однако в литературе отсутствуют данные о его длительном токсическом действии, а также о действии продуктов сжигания пластика на фитопланктон. В настоящей работе исследовали влияние разных видов микрочастиц пластика и его золы на структурные и функциональные показатели роста культуры зеленой микроводоросли Scenedesmus quadricauda в длительных экспериментах продолжительностью 21 сут. Развитие вида изучали при добавлении в культуральную среду в концентрации 3 мг/л пяти образцов микрочастиц пластика полученных из пластика, отобранного на супралиторали Баренцева моря, и одного интактного образца, а также золы в концентрациях 0,01, 0,1, 1, 10, 100 и 1000 мг/л. По показателю изменения численности клеток S. quadricauda получили следующий ряд токсичности в порядке ее убывания: PU (монтажная пена) &gt; HDPE (полиэтилен низкого давления, белый) &gt; HDPE (полиэтилен низкого давления, красный) &gt; EPS (пенополистирол) &gt; EPS (пенополистерол, интактный) &gt; PP (полипропилен, канат). По показателю эффективности фотосинтеза (максимального квантового выхода фотосинтеза (FV/FM)) монтажная пена оказалась нетоксичной, а другие образцы оказывали слабое токсическое действие. Влияние микрочастиц пластика на культуру вызывало мозаичную ответную реакцию, оцениваемую по разным показателям состояния тест-объекта: сильное угнетение роста культуры (при добавлении монтажной пены) может сопровождаться значительным повышением содержания ТБК-активных продуктов (продуктов взаимодействия конечных продуктов перекисного окисления липидов с 2-тиобарбитуровой кислотой) в клетках, при этом величина эффективности фотосинтеза не меняется. Токсичность зольного остатка, полученного при сжигании смеси разных видов пластика, была значительно выше токсичности исследованных образцов микрочастиц пластика, и выявлена по показателю изменения численности клеток только при концентрации 1000 мг/л, по показателю эффективности фотосинтеза – при 0,01 мг/л, а по изменению количества ТБК-активных продуктов в клетках водоросли – при 0,1 мг/л и выше.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number of microplastic particles (MPs) in the environment is constantly increasing as a result of the decay of plastic waste, the incineration of which is associated with air emissions and the concentration of toxic combustion products in ash residues. Although numerous researchers have studied the effects of MPs on living organisms, only a small part of the published data is devoted to the study of the long-term toxic effects MPs and combustion products of plastic on phytoplankton organisms. The effect of different types of MPs and plastic incineration ash on the structural and functional growth parameters of a green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda culture, used as a test object, was studied in a chronic experiment lasting 21 days. The development of the species was studied with the addition of 5 types of weathered MPs samples, obtained from macroplastics, collected in the supralittoral of the Barents Sea and one unweathered control sample at a concentration of 3 mg/L. In terms of changes in the number of Scenedesmus quadricauda cells, the following toxicity series was obtained in descending order: PU (polyurethane foam, weathered) &gt; HDPE (food package, white, weathered) &gt; HDPE (food package, red, weathered)&gt; EPS (packaging material, weathered) &gt; EPS (packaging material, unweathered) &gt; PP (ship rope, weathered). In terms of the efficiency of photosynthesis (maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM)), polyurethane foam was found to be non-toxic, while other samples of MPs had a weak toxic effect. The effect of MPs on the culture caused a mosaic response, assessed by different parameters of the test object state: a strong inhibition of culture growth (with the addition of polyurethane foam) can be accompanied by a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in microalgal cells, while photosynthesis efficiency may not change. The toxicity of the residual ash obtained from the incineration of a mixture of weathered macroplastics was significantly higher than the toxicity of microplastics. Residual ash was studied at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L and the toxicity was detected in terms of the change in the cell number only at a concentration of 1000 mg/L, in terms of the photosynthesis efficiency – at 0.01 mg/L, and by the change in the amount of TBARS in microalgal cells – at 0.1 mg/L and above.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микропластик</kwd><kwd>зола от сжигания пластика</kwd><kwd>биотестирование</kwd><kwd>микрово- доросли</kwd><kwd>Scenedesmus quadricauda</kwd><kwd>флуоресценция хлорофилла</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microplastic</kwd><kwd>plastic incineration ash</kwd><kwd>bioassay</kwd><kwd>microalgae</kwd><kwd>Scenedesmus quadricauda</kwd><kwd>chlorophyll fluorescence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова (темы: № 121032300131-9, № 121032500076-1) при поддержке Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова «Молекулярные технологии живых систем и синтетическая биология» и Междисциплинарной научно-образовательной школы МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова «Будущее планеты и глобальные изменения окружающей среды», российского научного фонда (проект № 20-64-46018) и Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 20-04-00465). Исследования проводили без использования животных и без привлечения людей в качестве испытуемых. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was performed under the state assignment of Moscow State University, project number 121032300131-9, project number 121032500076-1, and funded by Russian the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow State University «Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology», by Russian the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow State University «The future of the planet and global environmental change», Russian Science Foundation, project number 20-64-46018 and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-04-00465.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cau A., Avio C.G., Dessì C., Moccia D., Pusceddu A., Regoli F., Rita Cannas R., Follesa M.C. 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