vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biologyvestnik-bio-msu-1127Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWЗимний покой древесных растений и его неинвазивный мониторингWinter dormancy of woody plants and its non-invasive monitoringhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-8511СоловченкоА. Е.SolovchenkoA. E.

 докт. биол. наук, проф.

Тел.: 8-495-939-25-87

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 

 Россия, 392000, г. Тамбов, ул. Интернациональная, д. 33 

 1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

 33 Internatsionalnaya str., Tambov, 392000, Russia 

solovchenko@mail.bio.msu.ruТкачевЕ. Н.TkachyovE. N.

 канд. с.-х. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

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 Россия, 393760, г. Мичуринск, ул. Мичурина, д. 30 

 30 Michurina str., Michurinsk, 393760, Russia 

etkachyov@yandex.ruЦукановаЕ. М.TsukanovaE. M.

 докт. с.-х. наук, вед. науч. сотр.

Тел.: 8-47545-2-07-61;

 Россия, 393760, г. Мичуринск, ул. Мичурина, д. 30 

 30 Michurina str., Michurinsk, 393760, Russia 

elenam31@yandex.ruШурыгинБ. М.ShuryhinB. M.

 вед. инж.

Тел.: 8-495-939-25-87

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 

 1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

shu_b@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-6221ХрущевС. С.KhruschevS. S.

 канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Тел.: 8-495-939-51-50

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 

 1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

sskhrsch@gmail.comКонюховИ. В.KonyukhovI. V.

 канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Тел.: 8-495-939-51-50 

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 

 1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

vanka.kon@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1268-4414ПтушенкоВ. В.PtushenkoV. V.

 канд. физ.-мат. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Тел.: 8-495-939-51-50

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 40 

 Россия, 119334, Москва, ул. Косыгина, д. 4 

 1–40 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

 4 Kosygina str., Moscow 119334, Russia 

ptush@mail.ruКафедра биоинженерии, биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Институт естествознания, Тамбовский государственный университет имени Г.Р. ДержавинаРоссияDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный научный центр имени И.В. МичуринаРоссияMichurin Federal Scientific CentreRussian FederationКафедра биоинженерии, биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationКафедра биофизики, биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияDepartment of Biophysics, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт физико-химической биологии им. А.Н. Белозерского, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Институт биохимической физики имени Н.М. Эмануэля, Российская академия наукРоссияBelozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20221306202277251–64Copyright © Соловченко А.Е., Ткачев Е.Н., Цуканова Е.М., Шурыгин Б.М., Хрущев С.С., Конюхов И.В., Птушенко В.В., 20222022Соловченко А.Е., Ткачев Е.Н., Цуканова Е.М., Шурыгин Б.М., Хрущев С.С., Конюхов И.В., Птушенко В.В.Solovchenko A.E., Tkachyov E.N., Tsukanova E.M., Shuryhin B.M., Khruschev S.S., Konyukhov I.V., Ptushenko V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1127

В состоянии покоя (dormancy) многолетние растения – обитатели регионов с выраженной сезонностью климата – могут переживать длительные периоды неблагоприятных условий. Выделяют периоды предварительного, физиологического и вынужденного покоя. В период предварительного покоя завершаются генетические, физиолого-биохимические и морфологические перестройки, увеличивающие стресс-толерантность растения. Физиологический или глубокий покой характеризуется неспособностью меристем к возобновлению деления клеток даже в благоприятных условиях. Под действием сигналов окружающей среды растения переходят от глубокого покоя к вынужденному, в котором деление клеток и рост сдерживается неблагоприятными условиями среды. Участившиеся климатические флуктуации приводят к аномальному выходу из покоя, повышая риск повреждения растений, особенно культурных, неблагоприятными факторами среды. В этой связи важны методы неинвазивного объективного мониторинга состояния покоя растений в реальном времени. Исследования связи между статусом покоя и функционированием фотосинтетического аппарата растений привели к разработке методов мониторинга состояния древесных растений путем регистрации переменной флуоресценции хлорофилла хвои и эндодермы коры их побегов. В обзоре кратко суммированы современные представления о механизме индукции состояния покоя и выхода из него. Приводится анализ функционирования и регуляции фотосинтетического аппарата в покое, связи между амплитудно-кинетической характеристикой индукции флуоресценции хлорофилла и глубиной покоя многолетних растений. Обсуждаются проблемы интерпретации сигналов флуоресценции хлорофилла в контексте мониторинга покоя, а также возможности практического использования этого подхода.

When dormant, perennial plants dwelling in the regions with pronounced seasonality of climate can withstand prolonged periods of harsh environmental conditions. The period of plant dormancy is commonly divided into pre-dormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy. During pre-dormancy, genetic, physiological, biochemical, and morphological rearrangements increasing stress resilience of the plant organism are completed. In the course of endodormancy, meristem cells cannot resume division even under favorable conditions. Environmental stimuli trigger dormancy release and the onset of ecodormancy when plant cell division and growth are restrained only by unfavorable environmental conditions. Frequent nowadays, weather fluctuations can lead to abnormal progression of dormancy. It results in the increased risk of damage to plants, especially crop plants, by adverse climatic conditions. This situation calls for the development of methods for noninvasive express monitoring of plant dormancy. Studies of the relationships between the dormancy status of plants and the functioning of their photosynthetic apparatus made possible the development of methods for monitoring of woody plant condition by recording the variable fluorescence of chlorophyll contained either in needles or in the endoderm of the shoots. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge about the mechanism of the dormancy induction and release. The functioning and regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus during winter dormancy as well as characteristic patterns of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in this period are considered. The difficulties of interpretation of chlorophyll fluorescence signals in the context of monitoring of plant dormancy are discussed together with its potential applications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.