vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biologyvestnik-bio-msu-1129Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWКаналы TASK-1: функциональная роль в гладкомышечных клетках артерийTASK-1 channels: functional role in arterial smooth muscle cellshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8859-7689ШвецоваА. А.ShvetsovaA. A.

 канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.

Тел.: 8-495-939-14-16

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 

 1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

anastasiashvetsova92@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-2399ГайнуллинаД. К.GaynullinaD. K.

 докт. биол. наук, вед. науч. cотр.

Тел.: 8-495-939-14-16

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 

 1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

dina.gaynullina@gmail.comТарасоваО. С.TarasovaO. S.

 докт. биол. наук, доц., проф.

Тел.: 8-495-939-14-16

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-384 

 Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 

 1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia 

ost.msu@gmail.comКафедра физиологии человека и животных, биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияDepartment of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20221406202277276–88Copyright © Швецова А.А., Гайнуллина Д.К., Тарасова О.С., 20222022Швецова А.А., Гайнуллина Д.К., Тарасова О.С.Shvetsova A.A., Gaynullina D.K., Tarasova O.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1129

Изменение диаметра мелких артерий и артериол является ключевым механизмом регуляции сопротивления сосудистого русла, а также артериального давления и кровотока в органах и тканях. Тонус гладкомышечных клеток артериальных сосудов зависит от уровня мембранного потенциала, который, в свою очередь, определяется балансом деполяризующих и гиперполяризующих токов. Основным гиперполяризующим током гладкомышечных клеток является выходящий калиевый ток. Активация и открытие калиевых каналов противодействуют деполяризации, подавляют вход кальция в клетку и сокращение. Таким образом, калиевые каналы обладают антиконстрикторным влиянием в артериях. Каналы TASK-1 – представители семейства калиевых каналов, имеющие две порообразующие петли (K2P), обнаружены в сосудистом русле относительно недавно. Известно, что каналы TASK-1 опосредуют выходящий калиевый ток утечки в гладкомышечных клетках артерий. Кроме того, каналы TASK-1 подвержены ряду регуляторных влияний: их активность увеличивается при повышении внеклеточного рН, уменьшается при гипоксии, а также может изменяться под действием ингаляционных/локальных анестетиков и вазоактивных веществ. Каналы TASK-1 играют важную роль в регуляции тонуса артерий малого круга кровообращения, их дисфункция является одной из причин развития артериальной легочной гипертензии. В артериях большого круга кровообращения взрослых животных влияние каналов TASK-1 в условиях нормального рН невелико или отсутствует, но может проявляться в условиях внеклеточного алкалоза. Кроме того, антиконстрикторное влияние каналов TASK-1 более выражено на ранних этапах постнатального развития. В данном обзоре изложены современные представления о функциональной роли и регуляции каналов TASK-1 в сосудистой системе.

A change in the diameter of small arteries and arterioles is a key mechanism for the regulation vascular bed resistance and, consequently, blood pressure and blood flow in organs and tissues. The tone of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) depends on the level of membrane potential (MP), which, in turn, is determined by the balance of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing ion currents. The main hyperpolarizing current of SMC is the outward potassium current. Activation and opening of potassium channels counteract depolarization, inhibit calcium entry into the cell and contraction. Thus, potassium channels play an anticontractile role in the arteries. TASK-1 channels, members of two-pore potassium channel family (K2P), have been described relatively recently in the vasculature. It is known that TASK-1 channels mediate outward potassium leakage current in arterial SMC. In addition, TASK-1 channels are regulated by a number of stimuli: their activity augments with an increase of extracellular pH, decreases at hypoxia, and can also change under the influence of inhalational/local anesthetics and vasoactive substances. TASK-1 channels play an important role in the regulation of arterial tone in pulmonary circulation, their dysfunction is one of the causes of arterial pulmonary hypertension development. In systemic arteries of adult animals, the influence of TASK-1 channels under normal pH is small or absent, but it can manifest itself under conditions of extracellular alkalosis. In addition, the anticontractile role of TASK-1 channels is more pronounced at the early period of postnatal development. This review outlines the current understanding of the functional role and regulation of TASK-1 channels in the vascular system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.