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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0137-0952-16-2022-77-4-273-278</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-1189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Мнения</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О холестериновой теории старения – 2022</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the cholesterol theory of aging – 2022</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-7023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хохлов Александр Николаевич – докт. биол. наук, зав. сектором эволюционной цитогеронтологии биологического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evolutionary Cytogerontology Sector, School of Biology</p><p>1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khokhlov@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>273</fpage><lpage>278</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хохлов А.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хохлов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khokhlov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1189">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1189</self-uri><abstract><p>Излагается точка зрения автора, согласно которой сформулированная еще в 80-х гг. прошлого века Ю.М. Лопухиным с соавторами холестериновая теория старения и смерти часто неправильно воспринимается в настоящее время многими биологами и медиками. Подчеркивается, что в этой теории во главу угла ставилась не общеизвестная роль холестерина (ХС) в процессах метаболизма, а его структурная роль в плазматической мембране клетки. Предполагалось, что увеличение микровязкости клеточной мембраны за счет накопления в ней ХС приводит к ухудшению поступления в клетку внешних сигналов и питательных веществ, а также к снижению активности мембранных ферментов. Это, по мнению авторов, и запускает возникновение «старческих» изменений клеток, тканей и органов, а потом и всего многоклеточного организма, что в конце концов приводит к увеличению вероятности его смерти, то есть к старению. При этом содержанию ХС (главным образом – считающегося особенно «плохим» ХС липопротеидов низкой плотности) в сыворотке отводилась лишь второстепенная роль, ибо его повышение совсем не обязательно, по мнению авторов концепции, ведет к неблагоприятным изменениям в организме. В настоящей работе кратко рассматривается эволюция представлений о возможной роли ХС в старении и формировании различной возрастной патологии – главным образом, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и ментальных расстройств. Анализируются экспериментальные данные о влиянии липосом, содержащих как обычный, так и окисленный ХС, на пролиферативную активность культивируемых клеток. Рассматриваются данные лонгитудинальных исследований, позволяющие полагать, что, как ни парадоксально, именно люди с повышенным содержанием ХС в плазме крови доживают до преклонного возраста. При этом потребление большого количества пищи, богатой ХС, может никак не влиять на здоровье некоторых пациентов. Отмечается, что целый ряд работ свидетельствует об отсутствии причинно-следственной связи между уровнем ХС в сыворотке и возникновением атеросклеротических изменений. Подчеркивается, что ХС является очень важным для нашего организма соединением, без которого невозможны клеточная пролиферация и, как следствие, нормальная регенерация. Отмечается непрерывно увеличивающееся количество данных о негативной роли статинов в формировании возрастной патологии – особенно у людей старших возрастных групп. Заключается, что в настоящее время становится очевидной необходимость существенного пересмотра (с использованием системного подхода) представлений о возможной роли ХС в старении, развитии атеросклероза и других возрастных заболеваний, включая деменции, вызванные различными причинами, в том числе и болезнь Альцгеймера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author’s point of view is presented, according to which, formulated back in the 80s of the last century by Yu.M. Lopukhin et al., the cholesterol theory of aging and death is now often misunderstood by many biologists and physicians. It is emphasized that this theory prioritized not the well-known role of cholesterol (CS) in metabolic processes, but its structural role in the plasma membrane of the cell. It was assumed that an increase in the microviscosity of the cell membrane due to the accumulation of CS in it leads to a deterioration in the transfer of external signals and nutrients to the cell, as well as to a decrease in the activity of membrane enzymes. This, according to the authors, triggers the occurrence of “senile” changes in cells, tissues and organs, and then in the entire multicellular organism, which ultimately leds to an increase in the probability of its death, that is, to aging. At the same time, the content of CS (mainly, of considered to be especially “bad” CS of low density lipoproteins) in serum was assigned only a minor role, because its increase is not at all necessary, according to the authors of the concept, leads to adverse changes in the body. This paper briefly discusses the evolution of ideas about the possible role of CS in aging and the development of various age-related pathologies, mainly cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. Experimental data on the effect of liposomes containing both normal and oxidized CS on the proliferative activity of cultured cells are analyzed. The data of longitudinal studies are considered, suggesting that, paradoxically, it is people with elevated levels of CS in the blood plasma who live to an advanced age. At the same time, the consumption of large amounts of food rich in CS may not affect the health of some patients. It is noted that a number of studies indicate the absence of a causal relationship between the level of CS in serum and the occurrence of atherosclerotic changes. It is emphasized that CS is a very important compound for our body, without which cell proliferation and, as a result, normal regeneration are impossible. It is noted that there is a continuously increasing amount of data on the negative role of statins in the formation of age-related pathology, especially in people of older age groups. It is concluded that at present it becomes obvious that there is a need for a significant reappraisal (using the systems approach) of ideas about the possible role of CS in aging, the development of atherosclerosis and other age-related diseases, as well as dementias due to various causes, including Alzheimer’s disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>смерть</kwd><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>биомембраны</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd><kwd>питание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>death</kwd><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>biomembranes</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd><kwd>diet</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ries W., Hunecke I., Reuter W., Sauer I. 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