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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0137-0952-16-78-2-3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-1231</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение конформационной подвижности липид-связывающего сайта изоформ ε2, ε3, ε4 аполипопротеина E методом молекулярной динамики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular dynamics simulation of the conformational mobility of the lipid-binding site in the Apolipoprotein E isoforms ε2, ε3, and ε4</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамчур</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamchur</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамчур Александра Александровна – аналитик отдела медицинской геномики;</p><p>аспирант кафедры  биофизики биологического факультета.</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75 (доб. 4141)</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1;</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121;</p><p>Department of Biophysics, School of Biology, </p><p>1–12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amamchur@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-3280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерема</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erema</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерема Вероника Вячеславовна – канд. мед. наук, аналитик отдела медицинской геномики. Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">verema@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-4384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каштанова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashtanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каштанова Дарья Андреевна – канд. мед. наук, вед.  аналитик отдела медицинской геномики. Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkashtanova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Михаил Вячеславович – аналитик 2-й категории отдела медицинской геномики. Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mivanov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Владимир Сергеевич – канд. биол. наук, начальник отдела медицинской геномики. Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vyudin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-983X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кескинов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keskinov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кескинов Антон Артурович – канд. мед. наук, канд.  эконом. наук, начальник управления организации проведения научных исследований. Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">keskinov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-9235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краевой</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kraevoy</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краевой Сергей Александрович – первый  заместитель генерального директора. Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skraevoy@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Сергей Михайлович – докт. мед. наук, проф.,  ген. директор. Тел.: 8-495-540-61-75</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>10-1 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, 119121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр стратегического планирования и управления  медико-биологическими рисками здоровью, Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство;&#13;
Московский государственный университет имени  М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia);&#13;
Lomonosov  Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр стратегического планирования и управления  медико-биологическими рисками здоровью, Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical Biological Agency (Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мамчур А.А., Ерема В.В., Каштанова Д.А., Иванов М.В., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Краевой С.А., Юдин С.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамчур А.А., Ерема В.В., Каштанова Д.А., Иванов М.В., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Краевой С.А., Юдин С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamchur A.A., Erema V.V., Kashtanova D.A., Ivanov M.V., Yudin V.S., Keskinov A.A., Kraevoy S.A., Yudin S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1231">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1231</self-uri><abstract><p>Нейродегенеративные заболевания, в особенности болезнь Альцгеймера, являются одной из наиболее острых проблем человечества. Несмотря на растущее число исследований в данной области, молекулярные механизмы развития данных заболеваний до сих пор неизвестны. Полиморфизмы в гене APOE, кодирующем аполипопротеин Е, достоверно ассоциированы как с развитием нейродегенеративных состояний (rs429358, C112R), так и с механизмами защиты от них (rs7412, R158C). В популяции человека присутствует три изоформы аполипопротеина E – ε2 (белок с «защитной» заменой), ε3 (белок дикого типа), ε4 (белок с «патогенной» заменой). Данная работа посвящена изучению влияния описанных замен на функциональный участок белка – липид-связывающий сайт – методом молекулярной динамики. В исследовании одновременно рассмотрены все три изоформы аполипопротеина E. Показано, что как «патогенная», так и «защитная» аминокислотные замены приводят к изменению структуры липид-связывающего сайта по сравнению со структурой дикого типа, но суть этих изменений различна. Расстояние между N-концевой (аминокислоты 88-104) и C-концевой (аминокислоты 251-266) α-спиралями липид-связывающего сайта увеличивается в обеих изоформах. Однако для изоформы ε2 характерно сохранение структуры С-концевой α-спирали, в то время как для изоформы ε4 наблюдается расплетание участка из аминокислот 260-266. Для N-концевой α-спирали наблюдается обратная ситуация. Можно предположить, что именно такие структурные различия в липид-связывающем сайте АпоE лежат в основе разного влияния описанных изоформ на клинические показатели носителей соответствующих генотипов. Кластерный анализ позволил выделить структуры, наиболее характерные для изоформ ε2 и ε4, которые будут в дальнейшем использованы как стартовые конформации для последующих молекулярно-динамических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, have become a major healthcare issue all over the world. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions are yet to be identified. APOE is the apolipoprotein E-coding gene. Its polymorphisms have been found to be significantly associated with both neurodegenerative disorders (rs429358, C112R) and protective effects against these disorders (rs7412, R158C). Humans carry three apolipoprotein E isoforms: ε2 (protein with a protective mutation), ε3 (wild-type protein), and ε4 (protein with a pathogenic mutation). The study sought to investigate how these substitutions affect the lipid-binding site, which is the functional region of the protein. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to analyze all three isoforms. We found that, unlike the wild-type isoform, both the pathogenic and protective mutations caused changes in the lipid-binding site. The changes, however, were different. Both ε2 and ε4 lead to an increased distance between the N-terminal (amino acids 88-104) and the C-terminal (amino acids 251-266) helices. However, in ε2, the C-terminal helix retained its structure, whereas in ε4, it unwound between amino acids 260 and 266. The opposite was true for the N-terminal helix. It is safe to assume that it is these structural differences in the lipid-binding site that account for the different effects of these two isoforms and clinical characteristics of their carriers. The clustering analysis allowed for the identification of the structures, most typical of ε2 and ε4, which could be used as the foundation for further molecular dynamics studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярная динамика</kwd><kwd>аполипопротеин E</kwd><kwd>липид-связывающий сайт</kwd><kwd>транспорт липидов</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular dynamics</kwd><kwd>Apolipoprotein E</kwd><kwd>lipid-binding site</kwd><kwd>lipid transport</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballard C., Gauthier S., Corbett A., Brayne C., Aarsland D., Jones E. Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet. 2011;377(9770):1019–1031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballard C., Gauthier S., Corbett A., Brayne C., Aarsland D., Jones E. Alzheimer’s disease. 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