<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0137-0952-16-78-3S-5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-1269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стабилизация полноразмерного S-белка коронавируса SARS-Cov-2 в полимере SMA для исследования в электронном микроскопе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stabilization of full-length S-protein of SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus in SMA polymer for electron microscopy study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамаева</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamaeva</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамаева Наида Юсуповна – студентка кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета</p><p>г. Москва, 119234, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 73</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-57-38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p><p>1–73 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mamaeva19n@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деркачева</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derkacheva</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деркачева Надежда Игоревна – канд. биол. наук, проф. кафедры биологической химии</p><p>г. Москва, 127006, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-959-14-75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Biochemistry</p><p>4 Dolgorukovskaya st., 127006, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadya-derk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасанова Дария Алановна – техник кафедры химической энзимологии химического факультета</p><p>г. Москва, 119234, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 11</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-25-53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry</p><p>1–11 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sova-sipuha@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-232X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Ольга Сергеевна – докт. биол. наук, проф. кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета</p><p>г. Москва, 119234, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 73</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-57-38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p><p>1–73 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sokolova@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухов</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhov</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глухов Григорий Сергеевич – канд. биол. наук, доц. биологического факультета Университета</p><p>Провинция Гуандун, г. Шэньчжэнь, 518172, район Лунган, Даюньсиньчэн, ул. Гоцзидасюеюань, д. 1</p><p>Тел.: 8-495-939-57-38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p><p>Dayun New Town, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong Province</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет МГУ-ППИ в Шэньчжэне</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 1 International University Park Road</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><issue>3S</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мамаева Н.Ю., Деркачева Н.И., Гасанова Д.А., Соколова О.С., Глухов Г.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамаева Н.Ю., Деркачева Н.И., Гасанова Д.А., Соколова О.С., Глухов Г.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamaeva N.Y., Derkacheva N.I., Gasanova D.A., Sokolova O.S., Glukhov G.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1269">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1269</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработан бездетергентный протокол очистки префузионного S-белка коронавируса с использованием сополимера стирола и малеиновой кислоты (styrene maleic anhydride, SMA). Экспрессия S-белка осуществлялась в клетках HEK293T. Для очистки и подготовки к микроскопированию S-белка использовали два способа солюбилизации: в детергенте NP-40 и в составе SMA. Полученные препараты были исследованы в электронном микроскопе, частицы очищенных S-белков были классифицированы. Анализ двумерных проекций частиц показал, что применение липодисков для солюбилизации приводит к меньшей подвижности очищенного белка на подложке, по сравнению с белком в детергенте, что в дальнейшем может способствовать получению более высоких разрешений при изучении структуры мембранных белков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A detergent-free protocol for purification of the coronavirus prefusion S-protein using styrenemaleic acid copolymer (SMA) was developed. Expression of the S-protein was carried out in HEK293T cells. Two solubilization methods were used to purify and prepare the S-protein for microscopy: in NP-40 detergent and as part of SMA. The resulting preparations were examined in an electron microscope, and the particles of purified S-proteins were classified. Analysis of two-dimensional projections of the particles showed that the use of lipodiscs for solubilization leads to lower mobility of the purified protein on the substrate, compared to the protein in the detergent, which may further contribute to obtaining higher resolutions when studying the structure of membrane proteins.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>структурная биология</kwd><kwd>анализ единичных частиц</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>солюбилизация</kwd><kwd>детергент</kwd><kwd>SMA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>structural biology</kwd><kwd>single particle analysis</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>solubilization</kwd><kwd>detergent</kwd><kwd>SMA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят А.В. Моисеенко за помощь в проведении электронномикроскопических исследований. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Программы развития МГУ (проект № 23А-Ш04-01) с использованием УНУ «Трехмерная электронная микроскопия и спектроскопия» МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова. Работа проведена без использования животных и без привлечения людей в качестве испытуемых.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by MSU Development Program, project number 23A-Sh04-01.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudriavtsev A.V., Vakhrusheva A.V., Novoseletsky V.N., Bozdaganyan M.E., Shaitan K.V., Kirpichnikov M.P., Sokolova O.S. Immune escape associated with RBD Omicron mutations and SARS-CoV-2 evolution dynamics. Viruses. 2022;14(8):1603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudriavtsev A.V., Vakhrusheva A.V., Novoseletsky V.N., Bozdaganyan M.E., Shaitan K.V., Kirpichnikov M.P., Sokolova O.S. Immune escape associated with RBD Omicron mutations and SARS-CoV-2 evolution dynamics. Viruses. 2022;14(8):1603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozdaganyan M.E., Shaitan K.V., Kirpichnikov M.P., Sokolova O.S., Orekhov P.S. Computational analysis of mutations in the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike and their effects on antibody binding. Viruses. 2022;14(2):295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozdaganyan M.E., Shaitan K.V., Kirpichnikov M.P., Sokolova O.S., Orekhov P.S. Computational analysis of mutations in the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike and their effects on antibody binding. Viruses. 2022;14(2):295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li F. Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Annu. Rev. Virol. 2016;3:237–261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li F. Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Annu. Rev. Virol. 2016;3:237–261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shang J., Ye G., Shi K., Wan Y., Luo C., Aihara H., Geng Q., Auerbach A., Li F. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020;581(7807):221–224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shang J., Ye G., Shi K., Wan Y., Luo C., Aihara H., Geng Q., Auerbach A., Li F. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020;581(7807):221–224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palsdottir H., Hunte C. Lipids in membrane protein structures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 2004;1666(1-2):2–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palsdottir H., Hunte C. Lipids in membrane protein structures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 2004;1666(1-2):2–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dörr J.M., Scheidelaar S., Koorengevel M.C., Dominguez J.J., Schäfer M., van Walree C.A., Killian J.A. The styrene–maleic acid copolymer: a versatile tool in membrane research. Eur. Biophys. J. 2016;45(1):3–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dörr J.M., Scheidelaar S., Koorengevel M.C., Dominguez J.J., Schäfer M., van Walree C.A., Killian J.A. The styrene–maleic acid copolymer: a versatile tool in membrane research. Eur. Biophys. J. 2016;45(1):3–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turoňová B., Sikora M., Schürmann C., et al. In situ structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike reveals flexibility mediated by three hinges. Science. 2020;370(6513):203–208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turoňová B., Sikora M., Schürmann C., et al. In situ structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike reveals flexibility mediated by three hinges. Science. 2020;370(6513):203–208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garavito R.M., Ferguson-Miller S. Detergents as tools in membrane biochemistry. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276(35):32403–32406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garavito R.M., Ferguson-Miller S. Detergents as tools in membrane biochemistry. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276(35):32403–32406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lichtenberg D., Ahyayauch H., Goñi F.M. The mechanism of detergent solubilization of lipid bilayers. Biophys. J. 2013;105(2):289–299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lichtenberg D., Ahyayauch H., Goñi F.M. The mechanism of detergent solubilization of lipid bilayers. Biophys. J. 2013;105(2):289–299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popot J.L., Althoff T., Bagnard D., Banères J.L., Bazzacco P., Billon-Denis E., Catoire L.J., Champeil P., Charvolin D., Cocco M.J., Cremel G. Amphipols from A to Z. Annu. Rev. Biophys. 2011;40:379–408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popot J.L., Althoff T., Bagnard D., Banères J.L., Bazzacco P., Billon-Denis E., Catoire L.J., Champeil P., Charvolin D., Cocco M.J., Cremel G. Amphipols from A to Z. Annu. Rev. Biophys. 2011;40:379–408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rigaud J.L., Lévy D. Reconstitution of membrane proteins into liposomes. Methods in Enzymology. Liposomes, Part B, vol. 372. Ed. N. Duzgunes. Academic Press; 2003: 65–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rigaud J.L., Lévy D. Reconstitution of membrane proteins into liposomes. Methods in Enzymology. Liposomes, Part B, vol. 372. Ed. N. Duzgunes. Academic Press; 2003: 65–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritchie T.K., Grinkova Y.V., Bayburt T.H., Denisov I.G., Zolnerciks J.K., Atkins W.M., Sligar S.G. Reconstitution of membrane proteins in phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs. Methods in Enzymology. Liposomes, Part F, vol. 464. Ed. N. Düzgünes. Academic Press; 2009:211–231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritchie T.K., Grinkova Y.V., Bayburt T.H., Denisov I.G., Zolnerciks J.K., Atkins W.M., Sligar S.G. Reconstitution of membrane proteins in phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs. Methods in Enzymology. Liposomes, Part F, vol. 464. Ed. N. Düzgünes. Academic Press; 2009:211–231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knowles T.J., Finka R., Smith C., Lin Y.P., Dafforn T., Overduin M. Membrane proteins solubilized intact in lipid containing nanoparticles bounded by styrene maleic acid copolymer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009;131(22):7484–7485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knowles T.J., Finka R., Smith C., Lin Y.P., Dafforn T., Overduin M. Membrane proteins solubilized intact in lipid containing nanoparticles bounded by styrene maleic acid copolymer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009;131(22):7484–7485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlova M.G., Voskoboynikova N., Gluhov G.S., Abramochkin D., Malak O.A., Mulkidzhanyan A., Loussouarn G., Steinhoff H.J., Shaitan K.V., Sokolova O.S. Detergent-free solubilization of human Kv channels expressed in mammalian cells. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 2019;219:50–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlova M.G., Voskoboynikova N., Gluhov G.S., Abramochkin D., Malak O.A., Mulkidzhanyan A., Loussouarn G., Steinhoff H.J., Shaitan K.V., Sokolova O.S. Detergent-free solubilization of human Kv channels expressed in mammalian cells. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 2019;219:50–57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Punjani A., Rubinstein J.L., Fleet D.J., Brubaker M.A. cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination. Nat. Methods. 2017;14(3):290–296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Punjani A., Rubinstein J.L., Fleet D.J., Brubaker M.A. cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination. Nat. Methods. 2017;14(3):290–296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong F., Zhong Z.Y., Liang S., Li X.J. High expression level of soluble SARS spike protein mediated by adenovirus in HEK293 cells. World J. Gastroenterol. 2006;12(9):1452.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong F., Zhong Z.Y., Liang S., Li X.J. High expression level of soluble SARS spike protein mediated by adenovirus in HEK293 cells. World J. Gastroenterol. 2006;12(9):1452.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai Y., Zhang J., Xiao T., Peng H., Sterling S.M., Walsh Jr R.M., Rawson S., Rits-Volloch S., Chen B. Distinct conformational states of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Science. 2020;369(6511):1586–1592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai Y., Zhang J., Xiao T., Peng H., Sterling S.M., Walsh Jr R.M., Rawson S., Rits-Volloch S., Chen B. Distinct conformational states of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Science. 2020;369(6511):1586–1592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wrapp D., Wang N., Corbett K.S., Goldsmith J.A., Hsieh C.L., Abiona O., Graham B.S., McLellan J.S. CryoEM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020;367(6483):1260–1263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wrapp D., Wang N., Corbett K.S., Goldsmith J.A., Hsieh C.L., Abiona O., Graham B.S., McLellan J.S. CryoEM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020;367(6483):1260–1263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi Y.K., Cao Y., Frank M., Woo H., Park S.J., Yeom M.S., Croll T.I., Seok C., Im W. Structure, dynamics, receptor binding, and antibody binding of the fully glycosylated full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a viral membrane. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021;17(4):2479–2487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi Y.K., Cao Y., Frank M., Woo H., Park S.J., Yeom M.S., Croll T.I., Seok C., Im W. Structure, dynamics, receptor binding, and antibody binding of the fully glycosylated full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a viral membrane. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021;17(4):2479–2487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pramanick I., Sengupta N., Mishra S., Pandey S., Girish N., Das A., Dutta S. Conformational flexibility and structural variability of SARS-CoV2 S protein. Structure. 2021;29(8):834–845.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pramanick I., Sengupta N., Mishra S., Pandey S., Girish N., Das A., Dutta S. Conformational flexibility and structural variability of SARS-CoV2 S protein. Structure. 2021;29(8):834–845.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao H., Song Y., Chen Y., Wu N., Xu J., Sun C., Zhang J., Weng T., Zhang Z., Wu Z., Cheng L. Molecular architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Cell. 2020;183(3):730–738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao H., Song Y., Chen Y., Wu N., Xu J., Sun C., Zhang J., Weng T., Zhang Z., Wu Z., Cheng L. Molecular architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Cell. 2020;183(3):730–738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Y., Yao H., Wu N., Xu J., Zhang Z., Peng C., Li S., Kong W., Chen Y., Zhu M., Wang J. In situ architecture and membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2023;120(18):e2213332120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song Y., Yao H., Wu N., Xu J., Zhang Z., Peng C., Li S., Kong W., Chen Y., Zhu M., Wang J. In situ architecture and membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2023;120(18):e2213332120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
