vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology10.55959/MSU0137-0952-16-78-4-4vestnik-bio-msu-1283Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕRESEARCH ARTICLEРазнообразие гистонов H2A и их влияние на структурные свойства нуклеосомыDiversity of H2A histones and their implications for nucleosome structural propertieshttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-1351-6675Сингх-ПальчевскаяЛ.Singh-PalchevskaiaL.

Сингх-Пальчевская Лавприт – мл. науч. сотр. кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета МГУ

l.singh@intbio.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-938XШайтанА. К.ShaytanA. K.

Шайтан Алексей Константинович – докт. физ.-мат. наук, доцент кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета МГУ

shaytan_ak@mail.bio.msu.ruМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202328122023784235–242Copyright © Сингх-Пальчевская Л., Шайтан А.К., 20232023Сингх-Пальчевская Л., Шайтан А.К.Singh-Palchevskaia L., Shaytan A.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1283

Ключевым эпигенетическим фактором являются гистоновые белки, которые играют важную роль в динамике хроматина и регуляции активности генов. Они делятся на два обширных класса: канонические гистоны и их варианты. Канонические гистоны экспрессируются в основном в ходе S-фазы клеточного цикла, так как участвуют в упаковке ДНК в процессе деления клетки. Гистоновые варианты – это гены гистонов, которые экспрессируются и регулируют динамику хроматина в ходе всего клеточного цикла. В силу функционального и видового разнообразия выделяют различные семейства вариантных гистонов. Некоторые белки характеризуются незначительными отличиями от канонических гистонов, другие же наоборот могут иметь множество важных структурных и функциональных особенностей, влияющих на стабильность нуклеосомы и динамику хроматина. Для того чтобы оценить вариабельность гистонов семейства H2A и их влияние на структуру нуклеосомы, мы провели биоинформатический анализ аминокислотных последовательностей гистонов семейства H2A. Проведенная кластеризация методом UPGMA позволила выделить два основных подсемейства белков H2A: «короткие» H2A (short H2A) и другие варианты H2A, демонстрирующие более высокую консервативность аминокислотных последовательностей. Также мы построили и проанализировали множественные выравнивания для различных подсемейств гистонов H2A. Важно отметить, что белки подсемейства «коротких» H2A являются не только самыми низко консервативными внутри своего семейства, но и имеют особенности, оказывающие существенное влияние на структурные свойства нуклеосомы. Кроме того, мы провели филогенетический анализ «коротких» гистонов H2A, в результате которого были более детально охарактеризованы подсемейства, соответствующие вариантам H2A.B, H2A.P, H2A.Q, H2A.L.

Histone proteins are key epigenetic factors, which play an important role in chromatin dynamics and gene activity regulation. They are divided into two broad classes: canonical histones and their variants. Canonical histones are expressed mainly during the S-phase of the cell cycle, as they are involved in DNA packaging during cell division. Histone variants are histone genes that are expressed and regulate chromatin dynamics throughout the cell cycle. Due to the functional and species diversity, various families of histone variants are distinguished. Some proteins may differ slightly from canonical histones, while others, on the contrary, may have many important structural and functional features that affect nucleosome stability and chromatin dynamics. In order to assess the variability of the H2A histone family and their role in nucleosome structure, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid sequences of the H2A histone family. The clustering performed by the UPGMA method made it possible to reveal two main subfamilies of H2A proteins: short H2A and other H2A variants demonstrating highly conserved amino acid sequences. We also constructed and analyzed multiple alignments for various H2A histone subfamilies. It is important to note that the proteins of the short H2A subfamily are not only the least conserved within the H2A family, but also have features that significantly affect the structural properties of the nucleosome. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of short H2A, which resulted in the identification and characterization of individual clades on the phylogenetic tree for the variants H2A.B, H2A.P, H2A.Q, H2A.L.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.