vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology10.55959/MSU0137-0952-16-79-2-2vestnik-bio-msu-1367Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWРассеянный склероз. Некоторые особенности патологии и возможные пути терапии. Часть 1Multiple sclerosis. Some features of pathology and prospects for therapy. Part 1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-8102ФетисоваЕ. К.FetisovaE. K.

Фетисова Елена Константиновна – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отдела математических методов в биологии,

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 402

1–40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 1119991

ekfetisova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-9338ВоробьеваН. В.VorobjevaN. V.

Воробьева Нина Викторовна – канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. кафедры иммунологиибиологического факультета,

119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12

Biology Faculty, 

1–12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234

nvvorobjeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-5644МунтянМ. С.MuntyanM. S.

Мунтян Мария Сергеевна – канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отдела биоэнергетики,

119991, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 40

1–40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 1119991

muntyan@genebee.msu.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт физико-химической биологии имени. А.Н. Белозерского, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт физико-химической биологии имени. А.Н. Белозерского, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20241908202479287101Copyright © Фетисова Е.К., Воробьева Н.В., Мунтян М.С., 20242024Фетисова Е.К., Воробьева Н.В., Мунтян М.С.Fetisova E.K., Vorobjeva N.V., Muntyan M.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1367

Рассеянный склероз (РС) входит в число наиболее распространенных заболеваний центральной нервной системы. Заболевание приводит к патологической демиелинизации аксонов в белом веществе мозга с последующей демиелинизацией серого вещества и сопровождается прогрессирующей нейродегенерацией у пациентов. Этиология заболевания до конца не ясна. Однако установлен ряд внешних и внутренних факторов, повышающих вероятность заболевания РС среди активной работоспособной части населения. Определены особенности возрастных пациентов, отягощающие течение РС. В этой части обзора рассмотрены выявленные в последние годы механизмы активации воспаления при РС с участием инфламмасомы NLRP3 и нейтрофилов, влияние воспаления на повреждение гематоэнцефалического барьера и прогрессию РС, а также участие митохондрий благодаря образованию активных форм кислорода в развитии патологии, вызванной РС.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is among the most common diseases of the central nervous system. The disease leads to pathological demyelination of axons in the white matter of the brain, followed by demyelination of gray matter, and is accompanied by progressive neurodegeneration in patients. The etiology of the disease is not fully understood. However, a number of external and internal factors that increase the likelihood of MS among the active capable part of the population have been established. The characteristics of age patients exacerbating the course of MS have been identified. The review discusses the mechanism of inflammation activation at MS involving NLRP3 inflammasome and neutrophils identified in recent years, the effect of inflammation on damage to the blood-brain barrier and MS progression, as well as reactive oxygen species-mediated participation of mitochondria in MS pathology development.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.