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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU0137-0952-16-79-2S-10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-1380</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Осморегуляция и репродукция: эволюционные тренды функций пролактина от рыб к млекопитающим</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Osmoregulation and reproduction: evolutionary trends in prolactin functions from fish to mammals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4251-2250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнова Ольга Вячеславовна – докт. биол. наук, проф. кафедры физиологии человекаи животных биологического факультета, зав. лаб. эндокринологии, </p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, </p><p>Leninskie Gory, 1–12, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smirnova_ov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-1617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамичева</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramicheva</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрамичева Полина Александровна – канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. лаборатории структуры и функции митохондрий отдела функциональной биохимии биополимеров, Институт физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского,</p><p>119991, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology,</p><p>Leninskie Gory, 1–40, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abramicheva.polina@belozersky.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-2695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Надежда Сергеевна – мл. науч. сотр. кафедры физиологии человека и животных биологического факультета,</p><p>119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, </p><p>Leninskie Gory, 1–12, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pav.nad.ser@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>2S</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смирнова О.В., Абрамичева П.А., Павлова Н.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова О.В., Абрамичева П.А., Павлова Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova O.V., Abramicheva P.A., Pavlova N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1380">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1380</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучение эволюции функций пролактина дает ключ для понимания разнообразия эффектов этого гормона у млекопитающих в норме и патологии, что актуально как с теоретической, так и с практической точки зрения. В статье представлен обзор собственных и литературных данных, касающихся роли пролактина и его рецепторов в регуляции половых особенностей пресноводной адаптации трехиглой колюшки Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Продемонстрировано, что экспрессия мРНК гена пролактина 1 (одного из двух паралогов пролактина) и его рецептора PRLRA в мозге растет только у самок колюшки при переходе в пресную воду. Мозг и почка колюшки как андрогензависимые органы характеризуются зависимой от пола экспрессией Prlra в морской воде. Предполагается, что через рецептор PRLRA в этих органах осуществляются зависимые от пола осморегуляторные эффекты пролактина. Рецептор PRLRB в условиях морской воды экспрессируется в почке и мозге колюшки независимо от пола, однако экспрессия этого рецептора более чувствительна к снижению солености. Очевидно, рецептор PRLRB принимает более активное участие в реализации независимых от пола осморегуляторных функций пролактина. Жабры и кишечник как осморегуляторные органы экспрессируют рецепторы PRLRA и PRLRB независимо от пола и в морской, и в пресной воде. При пресноводной адаптации параллельно растет экспрессия Prl1 в мозге самок и экспрессия Atp1a1 (гена α1а-субъединицы Na+/K+-АТФазы), Nhe3 (гена натрий-протонного антипорта NHE3) и Ecac (гена эпителиального кальциевого канала ECAC) в их жабрах. Предполагается, что эти гены жабр находятся под позитивным контролем пролактина. Поиск возможности реализации осморегуляторной функции пролактина у млекопитающих показал, что она может проявляться в условиях таких типов патологий, которые сопровождаются повышенной экспрессией изоформ рецептора пролактина в органах, участвующих в осморегуляции. Одной из таких патологий является холестаз самок крыс. Он сопровождается ростом экспрессии изоформ Prlr и изменением активности и соотношения субъединиц Na+/K+-АТФазы в почке. Таким образом, у рыб осморегуляторная функция пролактина зависит от пола, а у млекопитающих может проявляться в условиях нарушения водно-солевого обмена.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of prolactin function evolution provides key insights into the diverse effects of this hormone in mammals, both in health and disease, which is relevant from both theoretical and practical perspectives. This article reviews both original and literature data concerning the role of prolactin and its receptors in regulating the sexual dimorphism of freshwater adaptation in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. It is demonstrated that mRNA expression of prolactin gene 1 (one of two prolactin paralogs) and its receptor PRLRA increases in the brains of female sticklebacks only upon transitioning to freshwater. The brain and kidneys of sticklebacks, as androgen-dependent organs, exhibit sex-dependent expression of Prlra in seawater. It is suggested that sex-dependent osmoregulatory effects of prolactin are mediated through the PRLRA receptor in these organs. The PRLRB receptor, expressed in the kidneys and brains of sticklebacks regardless of sex in seawater, shows increased sensitivity to reduced salinity, suggesting a more active role in implementing sex-independent osmoregulatory functions of prolactin. Gills and intestines, as osmoregulatory organs, express the PRLRA and PRLRB receptors independent of sex in both seawater and freshwater. With freshwater adaptation, there is a concurrent increase in the expression of Prl1 in the brains of females and the expression of Atp1a1 (α1a subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase), Nhe3 (NHE3 sodium-proton antiport gene), and Ecac (epithelial calcium channel gene) in their gills. It is presumed that these gill genes are under positive control by prolactin. Exploring the potential for prolactin’s osmoregulatory function in mammals revealed that it may manifest in conditions such as pathologies accompanied by increased expression of prolactin receptor isoforms in osmoregulatory organs. One of such pathologies is cholestasis in female rats, which was associated with an increase in Prlr isoform expression and changes in activity and ratio of Na+/K+-ATPase subunits in the kidney. Thus, it is concluded that in fish, the osmoregulatory function of prolactin is sex-dependent, while in mammals, it may manifest under conditions of disrupted water-salt exchange.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролактин</kwd><kwd>рецепторы пролактина</kwd><kwd>осморегуляция</kwd><kwd>репродукция</kwd><kwd>рыбы</kwd><kwd>млекопитающие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prolactin</kwd><kwd>prolactin receptors</kwd><kwd>osmoregulation</kwd><kwd>reproduction</kwd><kwd>fish</kwd><kwd>mammals</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The project was funded by MSU state assignment №121032300075-6.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breves J.P., McCormick S.D., Karlstrom R.O. Prolactin and teleost ionocytes: new insights into cellular and molecular targets of prolactin in vertebrate epithelia. 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