References

vestnik-bio-msu

Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология

Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya

0137-0952

Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biology

10.55959/MSU0137-0952-16-79-3-1

vestnik-bio-msu-1405

Research Article

Обзоры

Фотосенсибилизированные реакции окислительного повреждения биомолекул: роль в генотоксических и цитотоксических процессах

Photosensitized reactions of oxidative damage to biomolecules: role in genotoxic and cytotoxic processes

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-2338

Фрайкин

Г. Я.

Fraikin

G. Ya.

Фрайкин Григорий Яковлевич – докт. биол. наук, проф. кафедры биофизики биологического факультета

119234, г. Москва, ул. Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12,Тел.: 8-495-939-39-68

Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty

Leninskiye Gory, 1–12, Moscow, 119234

gfraikin@yandex.ru

Московский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation

2024

24112024

793167183

2024

Фрайкин Г.Я.

Fraikin G.Y.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1405

Фотосенсибилизированные реакции окисления биомолекул, таких как липиды, белки и ДНК, инициируют цитотоксические и генотоксические процессы, которые опосредуются эндогенными сенсибилизаторами при действии на живые системы ультрафиолетового излучения А-области (УФА, 320–400 нм). Фотосенсибилизированные окислительные реакции зависят от кислорода, и по первичному механизму их разделяют на тип I и тип II. Реакции типа I вовлекают перенос электрона между фотовозбужденным сенсибилизатором и биомолекулой с формированием радикальных состояний. При взаимодействии катион-радикала биомолекулы с кислородом (O2) образуются конечные продукты ее окисления, а перенос электрона между анион-радикалом сенсибилизатора и O2 генерирует супероксидный анион-радикал (O2•−) с последующим образованием H2O2 и гидроксильного радикала (•OH), обладающего высокой реакционной активностью. В отличие от радикального механизма реакций типа I, первичный механизм реакций типа II вовлекает перенос энергии от фотовозбужденного сенсибилизатора к O2, что приводит к формированию синглетного кислорода (1O2, 1Δg), который намного более реакционноспособен в отношении окисления биомолекул, чем O2. Современные представления о механизмах начальных стадий реакций типа I и типа II и их вовлечения в окислительную деградацию ДНК, белков и липидов подробно изложены в настоящем обзоре. Также рассмотрены сенсибилизирующие свойства птеринов, рибофлавина и протопорфирина IX с характерными особенностями действия каждого из этих фотосенсибилизаторов. Значительное внимание уделено процессам сенсибилизированного повреждения ДНК и обсуждению роли различных фотопродуктов ДНК в инициации генотоксических процессов, включая канцерогенез в коже человека.

Photosensitized oxidation reactions of biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, DNA initiate cytotoxic and genotoxic processes that are mediated by endogenous sensitizers under effect of ultraviolet radiation in the range A (UVA, 320–400 nm) on living systems. The photosensitization reactions are oxygen-dependent and depending upon primary mechanism are divided into type I and type II. Type I reactions involve electron transfer between photoexcited sensitizer and biomolecule with the formation of radical states. The interaction of radical cation of biomolecule with oxygen leads to the production of its final oxidation products, and electron transfer between radical anion of sensitizer and oxygen generates superoxide anion radical (O2•−) with following production of H2O2 and the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (•OH). In contrast to radical mechanism of type I reactions, primary mechanism of type II reactions involves energy transfer from photoexcited sensitizer to oxygen (O2) that leads to the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2, 1Δg), which is much more reactive in relation to biomolecule oxidation than O2. Current knowledge on mechanisms of initial stages of the type I and type II reactions as well as their involvement in the oxidized degradation of biomolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids are expounded in detail in present review. Sensitized properties of pterins, riboflavin and protoporphyrin IX with characteristic peculiarities of action of each of these photosensitizers are also considered. The considerable attention is given to processes of photosensitized damage to DNA and discussing the role of different DNA photoproducts in initiating genotoxic processes including carcinogenesis in human skin.

фотосенсибилизированные реакцииокислительная деградация биомолекулфотопродукты ДНКгенотоксические процессыклеточные фотосенсибилизаторыфотоны УФА

photosensitized reactionsoxidized degradation of biomoleculesDNA photoproductsgenotoxic processescellular photosensitizersUVA photons

Исследование выполнено в рамках научного проекта государственного задания МГУ № 121032500058-7.

This study was performed under the state assignment of Moscow State University, project number 121032500058-7.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.