vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biologyvestnik-bio-msu-299Research ArticleБиофизикаBiophysicsLOV- И BLUF-ФЛАВОПРОТЕИНЫ: РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫЕ ФОТОРЕЦЕПТОРЫ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ И ФОТОСЕНСОРНЫЕ АКТИВАТОРЫ В ОПТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМАХLOV AND BLUF FLAVOPROTEINS: REGULATORY PHOTORECEPTORS OF MICROORGANISMS AND PHOTOSENSORY ACTUATORS IN OPTOGENETIC SYSTEMSФрайкинГ. Я.FraikinG. Ya.

докт. биол. наук, проф., вед. науч. сотр. кафедры биофизики биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-39-68

gfraikin@yandex.ruСтраховскаяМ. Г.StrakhovskayaM. G.

докт. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. кафедры биофизики биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-39-68

marstr@biophys.msu.ruБеленикинаН. С.BelenikinaN. S.

канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. кафедры биофизики биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-39-68;

nata.belenikina@ya.ruРубинА. Б.RubinA. B.

докт. биол. наук, чл.-корр. РАН, проф., зав. кафедрой биофизики биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-11-16

rubin@biophys.msu.ruКафедра биофизики, биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12РоссияDepartment of Biophysics, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, RussiaRussian FederationКафедра биофизики, биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12 Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий ФМБА; Россия, 115682, г. Москва, Ореховый бульвар, д. 28РоссияDepartment of Biophysics, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, Russia Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Service and Medical Technologies FMBA, Orehovii bulvar 28, Moscow, 115682, RussiaRussian FederationКафедра биофизики, биологический факультет, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Россия, 119234, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12РоссияDepartment of Biophysics, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, RussiaRussian Federation201614032016015765Copyright © Фрайкин Г.Я., Страховская М.Г., Беленикина Н.С., Рубин А.Б., 20162016Фрайкин Г.Я., Страховская М.Г., Беленикина Н.С., Рубин А.Б.Fraikin G.Y., Strakhovskaya M.G., Belenikina N.S., Rubin A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/299

В последние годы показано, что LOV (light, oxygen, voltage)- и BLUF (Blue Light sensing Using FAD)-фотосенсорные белки выполняют функции фоторецепторов светорегулируемых процессов не только у эукариот, но и у многих прокариот. У бактериальных фоторецепторов LOV- и BLUF-домены с присоединенными флавиновыми хромофорами часто связаны с разными ферментными и другими эффекторными доменами и составляют модульные системы, переключаемые светом. К настоящему времени достигнут прогресс в раскрытии механизмов фотоактивации таких систем. Они основаны на индуцированных фотореакциями хромофоров изменениях в фотосенсорных доменных структурах и последующей трансдукции сигнала к эффекторным доменам. Знание принципов трансдукции сигнала LOV- и BLUF-фотосенсорами имеет важное значение для создания на их основе фотопереключаемых ферментов и транскрипционных систем, применяемых в оптогенетике — новой и активно развивающейся области клеточной биологии и биотехнологии. Рассматриваются структурные аспекты передачи сигнала светоактивированными LOV- и BLUF-фоторецепторами и их регуляторные функции у бактерий, а также некоторые недавние достижения в использовании LOV-и BLUF-фотосенсоров в качестве активаторов в оптогенетических системах для регуляции клеточных процессов.

In recent years, it has been shown that LOV (light, oxygen, voltage) and BLUF (Blue Light sensing Using FAD) photosensory proteins are functioning as photoreceptors of light-regulated processes not only in eukaryotes but also in numerous prokaryotes. In bacterial photoreceptors, LOV and BLUF domains with attached flavin chromophores are often associated with different effector domains, which possess enzymatic and other functions, constituting modular lightswitchable systems. Nowadays, progress has been achieved in uncovering the photoactivation mechanisms of such systems, which based on the chromophore photoreaction-induced changes  in the photosensory domain structures and subsequent signal transduction to the effector domains. Knowledge of signal transduction principles in LOV and BLUF photosensors is important for designing on their basis photo-switchable enzymes and transcriptional systems, which have been applied in optogenetics — a new field in cell biology and biotechnology. The structural aspects of signal transduction by light-activated LOV and BLUF photoreceptors and their regulatory functions in bacteria as well as on some recent advances in using LOV and BLUF photosensors as actuators in optogenetic systems for regulation of cellular processes are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.