vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biologyvestnik-bio-msu-346Research ArticleЭкологияEcologyПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИММОБИЛИЗОВАННЫХ МИКРОВОДОРОСЛЕЙ В БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИIMMOBILIZED MICROALGAE IN BIOTECHNOLOGYВасильеваС. Г.VasilievaS. G.

канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-43-10

vankat2009@mail.ruЛобаковаЕ. С.LobakovaE. S.

докт. биол. наук, проф., зам. зав. кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-25-87

elena.lobakova@rambler.ruЛукьяновА. А.LukyanovА. А.

канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-43-10

loockart@mail.ruСоловченкоА. Е.SolovchenkoА. Е.

докт. биол. наук, проф. кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета МГУ. Тел.: 8-495-939-25-87

solovchenko@mail.bio.msu.ruМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation201601082016036572Copyright © Васильева С.Г., Лобакова Е.С., Лукьянов А.А., Соловченко А.Е., 20162016Васильева С.Г., Лобакова Е.С., Лукьянов А.А., Соловченко А.Е.Vasilieva S.G., Lobakova E.S., Lukyanov А.А., Solovchenko А.Е.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/346

Рассматривается иммобилизация клеток оксигенных фототрофных микроорганизмов — цианобактерий и эукариотических микроводорослей — в природе и в искусственных системах. В обзоре подчеркивается, что существование клеток микроорганизмов в прикрепленном состоянии, например, в составе биопленок, является широко распространенной в природе стратегией, обеспечивающей выживание клеток. Таким образом, искусственно иммобилизованные клетки оксигенных фототрофных микроорганизмов можно рассматривать как особую группу биомиметических материалов. Особое внимание уделено изучению влияния различных способов иммобилизации на физиологическое состояние клеток цианобактерий и микроводорослей, их устойчивость к стрессовым воздействиям, а также продуктивность культур, находящихся в иммобилизованном состоянии. В обзоре проводится анализ преимуществ и недостатков современных методов иммобилизации и используемых в настоящее время носителей. Освещаются возможности применения иммобилизованных культур оксигенных фототрофных микроорганизмов в различных областях биотехнологии, таких как получение биомассы и ценных метаболитов, сбор биомассы, очистка водных акваторий и сточных вод от тяжелых металлов, избытка биогенных элементов и органических загрязнителей.

Here we present a brief review of current data on immobilization of oxygenic phototrophic microorganisms — cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae — in natural and artificial experimental systems. We emphasize that immobilization, e.g. in biofilms, is a basic, widespread in nature strategy ensuring the survival of microorganisms. Accordingly, the artificially immobilizedmicroalgal cells might be considered as a special group of biomimetic (bioinspired) materials. Special attention is paid to the effect(s) of different immobilization methods on the physiology of microalgal cells and their stress tolerance as well as productivity of microalgal cultures. A comparison of the advantages and drawbacks of different immobilization techniques and cell carriers is presented. The review concludes with outlook on the possibilities of using of the immobilized phototrophic cells in biotechnology. Specific areas include (but not limited to) the biomass and metabolites production and harvesting, removal of heavy metals, biocapture of nutrients from wastewater and destroying of organic pollutants are explored.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.