vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biologyvestnik-bio-msu-488Research ArticleКлеточная биологияCell BiologyЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ: ОТ ОРГАНОВ В ЧАШКЕ ПЕТРИ ДО “ОРГАНОВ-НА-ЧИПАХ”OVERVIEW OF CELL MODELS: FROM ORGANS CULTURED IN A PETRI DISH TO “ORGANS-ON-CHIPS”АлпееваЕ. В.AlpeevaE. V.

Россия, 119334, г. Москва, ул. Вавилова, д. 26

Россия, 117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

науч. сотр. Центра коллективного пользования ИБР РАН, инженер отдела регенеративной медицины НИИ Трансляционной медицины РНИМУ. Тел.: 8-499-135-40-81

Vavilov ul. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia

Ostrovitianov ul. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia

alpeeva_l@mail.ruСидоренковаА. Ф.SidorenkovaA. F.

Россия, 119334, г. Москва, ул. Вавилова, д. 26

лаборант лаборатории клеточной биологии ИБР РАН. Тел. 8-499-135-40-81

Vavilov ul. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia

sidorenkova.anastasia@gmail.comВоротелякЕ. А.VorotelyakE. A.

Россия, 119334, г. Москва, ул. Вавилова, д. 26

Россия, 117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

зав. лабораторией клеточной биологии ИБР РАН, руководитель отдела регенеративной медицины НИИ трансляционной медицины РНИМУ. Тел. 8-499-135-40-81

Vavilov ul. 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia

Ostrovitianov ul. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia

vorotelyak@yandex.ruИнститут биологии развития имени Н.К. Кольцова РАН Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава РоссииРоссияKoltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationИнститут биологии развития имени Н.К. Кольцова РАНРоссияKoltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201720102017724187198Copyright © Алпеева Е.В., Сидоренкова А.Ф., Воротеляк Е.А., 20172017Алпеева Е.В., Сидоренкова А.Ф., Воротеляк Е.А.Alpeeva E.V., Sidorenkova A.F., Vorotelyak E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/488

В обзоре отражена история появления и усовершенствования клеточных моделей и различных способов и систем культивирования клеток животных и человека для исследований биологической активности различных веществ in vitro. Культуры органов и традиционные двухмерные культуры диссоциированных клеток различных типов, таких как первичные, опухолевые, индуцированные плюрипотентные, стволовые и другие, имеют преимущества и недостатки, однако зачастую не являются адекватными моделями для изучения биологических процессов, происходящих в живых организмах. В настоящее время на ранних фазах разработки лекарственных препаратов для отбора наиболее активных соединений и оценки их цитотоксического действия широко используется высокопроизводительный клеточный скрининг с применением различных способов детекции сигнала: оптических на основе колориметричесих, люминесцентных и флуоресцентных методов и электрохимических. Использование животных в качестве моделей для тестирования препаратов все больше подвергается критике из-за низкой степени корреляции между результатами, получаемыми в исследованиях с их использованием, и результатами, получаемыми на человеке, а также из-за дороговизны и этических вопросов. Поэтому много усилий направлено на создание моделей на основе клеток человека. Так появились культуры c трехмерным каркасом для имитации архитектуры тканей in vivo, а затем и микроинженерные конструкции на основе законов микрогидродинамики, объединяющие несколько типов клеток, так называемые “органы-на-чипах”, позволяющие воссоздавать физические и химические параметры микроокружения клеток в естественных условиях. Таким образом, экспериментальные клеточные системы с момента появления прошли путь от культивируемых в питательной среде целых органов до практически полной реконструкции органов in vitro с использованием различных типов клеток и передовых инженерных решений, что позволяет в настоящее время воссоздавать in vitro сложные биологические процессы и более успешно изучать влияние на них различных химических веществ и физических факторов.

In this review, we tried to elucidate the origin and development of different animal and human cell culture methodologies used to evaluate the effects of various factors and substances in vitro. Organ cultures and conventional two-dimensional cultures of dissociated cells of various types, such as primary, tumor, induced pluripotent, stem, and etc. have their advantages and drawbacks but usually do not represent accurate models for studying biological processes that take place in living organisms. Nowadays high-throughput cell assays on the basis of various methods of signal detection (optical utilizing colorimetric, luminescent and fluorescent methods of detection and electrochemical) are widely used at early stages of drug development for selection of the most active compounds and evaluation of their cytotoxic effects. The use of animals as models for drug testing is being criticized because of the lack of correlation between the results obtained in studies on them and on humans, and also because of the high cost and ethical issues. Therefore, much effort is put to create models based on human cells. This is how cultures emerged that utilize a three-dimensional network to simulate the architecture of tissues in vivo, and then so-called “organs-on-chips” – microfluidic microdevices combining several types of cells, that replicate physical and chemical parameters of the microenvironment of cells in living organisms. In summary, experimental cell models have come a long way from the whole organs cultivated in a growth medium to almost complete reconstruction of organs in vitro based on the cutting-edge engineering approach with the use of different cell types. This currently enables to replicate complex biological processes and study the influence of different substances and factors on them more successfully.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.