<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-582</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Молекулярная биология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Molecular biology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДРОЖЖЕВОЙ БЕЛОК NHP6A СВЯЗЫВАЕТСЯ С КОРОТКИМИ GC-БОГАТЫМИ ГЕНАМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>YEAST PROTEIN NHP6A BINDS WITH SHORT GC-RICH GENES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. кафедры молекулярной биологии биологического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Molecular Biology School of Biology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jalgard@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ассистент кафедры биоинженерии биологического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gerasimova@mail.bio.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка кафедры молекулярной биологии биологического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Molecular Biology School of Biology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mika.lorens@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Студитский</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Studitsky</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. биол. наук, гл. науч. сотр. кафедры биоин- женерии биологического факультета МГУ; руководитель лаборатории эпигенетики рака Центра исследований рака Фокс Чейз (Филадельфия, США)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Bioengineering, School of Biology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasily.studitsky@fccc.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова&#13;
Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University;&#13;
Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>73</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Герасимов Е.С., Герасимова Н.С., Козлова А.Л., Студитский В.М., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Герасимов Е.С., Герасимова Н.С., Козлова А.Л., Студитский В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerasimov E.S., Gerasimova N.S., Kozlova A.L., Studitsky V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/582">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/582</self-uri><abstract><p>Nhp6A – это небольшой негистоновый хромосомный белок дрожжей, неспецифично связывающий ДНК. Этот белок присутствует во многих промоторных и транскрибируемых областях генома и участвует в регуляции транскрипции. Недавно была показана роль Nhp6A в процессе дестабилизации структуры нуклеосом, что может объяснить его расположение в регуляторных участках. Тем не менее, его функция в кодирующих областях остается неизвестной. В настоящей работе с целью поиска механизма действия Nhp6A нами были изучены гены, связанные с белком по всей длине, включая область открытой рамки считывания. Мы показали, что Nhp6A преимущественно связывается с кодирующими областями коротких GC-богатых генов дрожжей. Наблюдаемое взаимодействие не обусловлено непосредственно высоким содержанием GC-пар в данных локусах ДНК, что позволяет предположить существование специфического для данной группы регуляторного механизма с участием Nhp6A. Так как достаточно много изученных генов сохраняют ряд характерных для предкового бактериального генома черт, мы полагаем, что данная группа скорее относится к “древним”. Таким образом, возможно, обнаруженная особенность распределения Nhp6A связана с сохранением механизмов регуляции транскрипции генов, возникших рано в ходе эволюции.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nhp6A is a small non-histone chromosomal yeast protein that binds DNA nonspecifically. This protein is present at many promoters and transcribed regions of genome and is involved in regulation of transcription. Recently, Nhp6A was shown to participate in destabilization of the nucleosomal structure. This may explain its location in regulatory sites, but its function in the coding regions remains unknown. In the present work, in order to reveal the mechanism of action of Nhp6A, we have studied genes associated with the protein along the entire length, including the open reading frame. We have shown that Nhp6A predominantly binds to the coding regions of short GC-rich yeast genes. The observed interaction is not associated directly with the high content of GC-pairs in these DNA loci, so we can propose a specific regulatory mechanism involving Nhp6A for this group. Since a part of genes retain features of the ancestral bacterial genome, we suggest this group as an “ancient”. Presumably, this genomic distribution of Nhp6 is related to the mechanisms of regulation of gene transcription that appeared early in the course of evolution.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Nhp6A</kwd><kwd>белки HMG</kwd><kwd>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</kwd><kwd>связывание ДНК</kwd><kwd>регуляция транскрипции</kwd><kwd>эволюционная геномика</kwd><kwd>GC-состав</kwd><kwd>предпочтение кодонов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Nhp6A</kwd><kwd>HMG protein</kwd><kwd>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</kwd><kwd>DNA binding</kwd><kwd>regulation of transcription</kwd><kwd>evolutionary genomics</kwd><kwd>GC-content</kwd><kwd>codon usage bias</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 14-24-00031).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kornberg R.D., Thomas J.O. Chromatin structure; oligomers of the histones // Science. 1974. Vol. 184. N 4139. P. 865–868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kornberg R.D., Thomas J.O. Chromatin structure; oligomers of the histones // Science. 1974. Vol. 184. N 4139. P. 865–868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reeves R. HMG nuclear proteins: linking chromatin structure to cellular phenotype // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2010. Vol. 1799. N 1–2. P. 3–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reeves R. HMG nuclear proteins: linking chromatin structure to cellular phenotype // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2010. Vol. 1799. N 1–2. P. 3–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stillman D.J. Nhp6: a small but powerful effector of chromatin structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2010. Vol. 1799. N 1–2. P. 175–180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stillman D.J. Nhp6: a small but powerful effector of chromatin structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2010. Vol. 1799. N 1–2. P. 175–180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruone S., Rhoades A.R., Formosa T. Multiple Nhp6 molecules are required to recruit Spt16-Pob3 to form yFACT complexes and to reorganize nucleosomes // J. Biol. Chem. 2003. Vol. 278. N 46. P. 45288–45295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruone S., Rhoades A.R., Formosa T. Multiple Nhp6 molecules are required to recruit Spt16-Pob3 to form yFACT complexes and to reorganize nucleosomes // J. Biol. Chem. 2003. Vol. 278. N 46. P. 45288–45295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allain F.H., Yen Y.M., Masse J.E., Schultze P., Dieckmann T., Johnson R.C., Feigon J. Solution structure of the HMG protein NHP6A and its interaction with DNA reveals the structural determinants for non-sequence-specific binding // EMBO J. 1999. Vol. 18. N 9. P. 2563–2579.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allain F.H., Yen Y.M., Masse J.E., Schultze P., Dieckmann T., Johnson R.C., Feigon J. Solution structure of the HMG protein NHP6A and its interaction with DNA reveals the structural determinants for non-sequence-specific binding // EMBO J. 1999. Vol. 18. N 9. P. 2563–2579.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coats J.E., Lin Y., Rueter E., Maher L.J., III, Rasnik I. Single-molecule FRET analysis of DNA binding and bending by yeast HMGB protein Nhp6A // Nucleic Acids Res. 2013. Vol. 41. N 2. P. 1372–1381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coats J.E., Lin Y., Rueter E., Maher L.J., III, Rasnik I. Single-molecule FRET analysis of DNA binding and bending by yeast HMGB protein Nhp6A // Nucleic Acids Res. 2013. Vol. 41. N 2. P. 1372–1381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masse J.E., Wong B., Yen Y.M., Allain F.H., Johnson R.C., Feigon J. The S. cerevisiae architectural HMGB protein NHP6A complexed with DNA: DNA and protein conformational changes upon binding // J. Mol. Biol. 2002. Vol. 323. N 2. P. 263–284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masse J.E., Wong B., Yen Y.M., Allain F.H., Johnson R.C., Feigon J. The S. cerevisiae architectural HMGB protein NHP6A complexed with DNA: DNA and protein conformational changes upon binding // J. Mol. Biol. 2002. Vol. 323. N 2. P. 263–284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bustin M. Revised nomenclature for high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins // Trends Biochem. Sci. 2001. Vol. 26. N 3. P. 152–153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bustin M. Revised nomenclature for high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins // Trends Biochem. Sci. 2001. Vol. 26. N 3. P. 152–153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costigan C., Kolodrubetz D., Snyder M. NHP6A and NHP6B, which encode HMG1-like proteins, are candidates for downstream components of the yeast SLT2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway // Mol. Cell Biol. 1994. Vol. 14. N 4. P. 2391–2403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costigan C., Kolodrubetz D., Snyder M. NHP6A and NHP6B, which encode HMG1-like proteins, are candidates for downstream components of the yeast SLT2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway // Mol. Cell Biol. 1994. Vol. 14. N 4. P. 2391–2403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Y., Eriksson P., Stillman D.J. Architectural transcription factors and the SAGA complex function in parallel pathways to activate transcription // Mol. Cell Biol. 2000. Vol. 20. N 7. P. 2350–2357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Y., Eriksson P., Stillman D.J. Architectural transcription factors and the SAGA complex function in parallel pathways to activate transcription // Mol. Cell Biol. 2000. Vol. 20. N 7. P. 2350–2357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dowell N.L., Sperling A.S., Mason M.J., Johnson R.C. Chromatin-dependent binding of the S. cerevisiae HMGB protein Nhp6A affects nucleosome dynamics and transcription // Genes Dev. 2010. Vol. 24. N 18. P. 2031–2042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dowell N.L., Sperling A.S., Mason M.J., Johnson R.C. Chromatin-dependent binding of the S. cerevisiae HMGB protein Nhp6A affects nucleosome dynamics and transcription // Genes Dev. 2010. Vol. 24. N 18. P. 2031–2042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xin H., Takahata S., Blanksma M., McCullough L., Stillman D.J., Formosa T. yFACT induces global accessibility of nucleosomal DNA without H2A-H2B displacement // Mol. Cell. 2009. Vol. 35. N 3. P. 365–376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xin H., Takahata S., Blanksma M., McCullough L., Stillman D.J., Formosa T. yFACT induces global accessibility of nucleosomal DNA without H2A-H2B displacement // Mol. Cell. 2009. Vol. 35. N 3. P. 365–376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsieh F.K., Kozlova A.L., Gerasimova N.S., Kotova E.Yu., Formosa T., Studitsky V.M. Role of the Nhp6 protein in in vitro transcription through the nucleosome // Moscow Univ. Biol. Sci. Bull. 2017. Vol. 72. N 4. P. 218–221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsieh F.K., Kozlova A.L., Gerasimova N.S., Kotova E.Yu., Formosa T., Studitsky V.M. Role of the Nhp6 protein in in vitro transcription through the nucleosome // Moscow Univ. Biol. Sci. Bull. 2017. Vol. 72. N 4. P. 218–221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prat Y., Fromer M., Linial N., Linial M. Codon usage is associated with the evolutionary age of genes in metazoan genomes // BMC Evol. Biol. 2009. Vol. 9:285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prat Y., Fromer M., Linial N., Linial M. Codon usage is associated with the evolutionary age of genes in metazoan genomes // BMC Evol. Biol. 2009. Vol. 9:285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolfe K.H., Shields D.C. Molecular evidence for an ancient duplication of the entire yeast genome // Nature. 1997. Vol. 387. N 6634. P. 708–713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolfe K.H., Shields D.C. Molecular evidence for an ancient duplication of the entire yeast genome // Nature. 1997. Vol. 387. N 6634. P. 708–713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
