vestnik-bio-msuВестник Московского университета. Серия 16. БиологияVestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya0137-0952Lomonosov Moscow State University, School of Biologyvestnik-bio-msu-617Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWРОЛЬ ТРОМБОЦИТОВ В НЕЙРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ. ОБЗОРROLE OF PLATELETS IN NEUROINFLAMMATORY DISORDERS. A REVIEWДухиноваМ. С.DukhinovaM. S.

канд. биомед. наук, науч. сотр. лаборатории нейроиммунологии,

Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences building, Area 39, CUHK, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR

Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences building, Area 39, CUHK, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China

marina_dukhinova@mail.ruПономарёвЕ. Д.PonomarevE. D.

канд. биол. наук, зав. лабораторией нейроиммунологии,

Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences building, Area 39, CUHK, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR

Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences building, Area 39, CUHK, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China

eponomarev@cuhk.edu.hkШкола биомедицинских наук, Китайский университет ГонконгаКитайSchool of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongChina201820082018733125131Copyright © Духинова М.С., Пономарёв Е.Д., 20182018Духинова М.С., Пономарёв Е.Д.Dukhinova M.S., Ponomarev E.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/617

Тромбоциты участвуют в процессах воспаления и заживления ран, локально стимулируя активацию иммунного ответа и регенерацию в организме. Ряд воспалительных заболеваний центральной нервной системы, таких как травмы головного мозга, болезнь Альцгеймера и инсульт, характеризуются нарушением проницаемости гемато-энцефалического барьера, при котором клетки крови, в том числе тромбоциты, проникают в нервную ткань. Однако роль тромбоцитов в контексте нейровоспаления остается малоизученной. Недавние исследования показывают, что при патологиях центральной нервной системы активированные тромбоциты выделяют широкий спектр коагуляционных и сосудистых факторов и участвуют в развитии нейрососудистых заболеваний. Кроме того, тромбоциты стимулируют иммунный ответ и регулируют воспаление в центральной нервной системе. Трофические и ростовые факторы, содержащиеся в тромбоцитах, регулируют регенерацию нервной ткани. При активации тромбоциты выделяют нейротрансмиттеры, серотонин, допамин, гистамин и глутамат и могут влиять на работу нейронов при патологиях нервной системы. В обзоре описываются основные аспекты и механизмы участия тромбоцитов в нейровоспалении, а также терапевтическая значимость тромбоцитов для лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

Platelets are important players in inflammation, wound healing, initiation of immune response and regeneration in peripheral tissues. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier occurs during certain neurological disorders, such as brain trauma, Alzheimer’s disease or stroke, when blood cells including platelets can invade nervous tissue. However, the role of platelets in the context of neuroinflammation remains understudied. Recent works have showed that in activated platelets release a wide set of coagulative and vascular factors during neurovascular pathologies in the central nervous system. Moreover, platelets stimulate immunity and regulate inflammation in the central nervous system. Platelet-derived trophic and growth factors may play a role in neuronal regeneration. Activated platelets release neurotransmitters, serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and glutamate, and can modify neuronal cell activity in neuropathologies. This review focuses on the major aspects and mechanisms of platelet functions in neuroinflammation, and therapeutic potential of platelets for treatment of neurodegeneration.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.