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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-626</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Зоология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Zoology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАБОТЫ ПЛЕКТОЛОФНОГО ЛОФОФОРА БРАХИОПОДЫ COPTOTHYRIS GRAYI (TEREBRATULIDA, RHYNCHONELLIFORMEA)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>REJECTION MECHANISM OF PLECTOLOPHOUS LOPHOPHORE OF BRACHIOPOD COPTOTHYRIS GRAYI (TEREBRATULIDA, RHYNCHONELLIFORMEA)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр. кафедры зоологии беспозвоночных биологического факультета,</p><p>119234, г. Москва, ул. Ленинские горы д. 1, стр. 12 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, School of Biology, </p><p>Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzmina-t@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темерева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temereva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр. кафедры зоологии беспозвоночных биологического факультета,</p><p>119234, г. Москва, ул. Ленинские горы д. 1, стр. 12 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, School of Biology, </p><p>Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">temereva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>73</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмина Т.В., Темерева Е.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина Т.В., Темерева Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmina T.V., Temereva E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/626">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/626</self-uri><abstract><p>Брахиоподы – реликтовая группа беспозвоночных-фильтраторов, использующих щупальцевый аппарат – лофофор – для улавливания пищи из толщи воды. Брахиоподы претерпели массовое вымирание, связанное, по-видимому, с низкой эффективностью работы их ловчего аппарата по сравнению с более эволюционно продвинутыми животными-фильтраторами. Изучение механизма работы лофофора современных брахиопод важно для понимания их эволюционной судьбы. В данной работе изучен механизм очищения лофофора от крупных несъедобных частиц у брахиоподы Coptothyris grayi с наиболее сложным типом щупальцевого аппарата – плектолофным лофофором. Методом прижизненных наблюдений и в ходе экспериментов с искусственными частицами показано, что крупные несъедобные частицы скапливаются внутри рук лофофора на внешней стороне брахиальной складки. Накопленные частицы формируют ряды вдоль фронтальных желобков наружных щупалец, последовательно переносятся к их краю и двигаются вдоль края щупалец, обволакиваясь слизью. Одна часть частиц отрывается от лофофора, в то время как другая переносится на абфронтальную сторону щупалец. Путем многократного реверсирования направления биения абфронтальных ресничек частицы совершают волнообразные движения вдоль абфронтальной поверхности щупалец. Такой характер движения частиц способствует склеиванию частиц в комки благодаря слизи, выделяемой железистыми клетками щупалец. Сформированные комки отрываются от лофофора и падают на мантийную складку. За счет биения ресничек мантии частицы транспортируются к переднему участку края мантии, где также наблюдается реверсирующий характер биения ресничек. В области края мантии происходит склеивание комков и формирование псевдофекалий, которые выводятся из мантийной полости. Таким образом, впервые показано, что удаление крупных несъедобных частиц из лофофора обеспечивается работой исключительно наружных щупалец. Впервые для брахиопод было обнаружено реверсирование биения абфронтальных ресничек щупалец и мантии, что способствует дополнительной выработке слизи, формированию комков псевдофекалий и облегчает их выход из мантийной полости. Полученные данные вносят существенный вклад в понимание работы щупальцевого аппарата современных брахиопод. Использование этих результатов в сравнительном анализе позволит пролить свет на функционирование и эволюцию щупальцевых аппаратов у Bilateria.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Brachiopoda is a relict group of invertebrate filter feeders that used tentacle organ – lophophore – for caption of food particles from the water flow. Brachiopod extinction apparently occurred due to low productivity of their filtering organ in comparison with more advanced filterfeeders. Investigation of filtering mechanism of recent brachiopods is essential to understanding their evolutionary fate. This study is devoted to the rejection mechanism of waste large particles from plectolophous lophophore of brachiopod Coptothyris grayi. The waste particles gather inside of the lophophore on outer side of brachial fold. The particles form rows along frontal grooves of outer tentacles, are carried successively to the tentacle tips and move along them, sliming by mucus. One part of the particles takes off the lophophore and falls down mantle, while another part was carried to abfrontal surface of the tentacles. Due to repeated reversals of abfrontal cilia, the particles wavily move along the abfrontal surface of tentacles. Such movement contributes to secretion of mucus and forming of particle clots. The clots take off the lophophore and fall down the mantle. The particles are transported along mantle by cilia to anterior part of the mantle margin. Here the ciliary reversals also take place that facilitate to secretion of mucus and forming pseudofeaces. The last takes away from the mantle cavity. Thus, only outer tentacles participate in rejection of waste large particle from lophophore. Ciliary reversals of abfrontal surface of tentacles and mantle are first discovered in brachiopods. This facilitates the secretion of mucus, forming of pseudofeaces and emission them from mantle cavity. The results contribute to knowledges of lophophore function and evolution of tentacle organs in Bilateria.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>брахиоподы</kwd><kwd>лофофор</kwd><kwd>щупальце</kwd><kwd>мантия</kwd><kwd>фильтраторы</kwd><kwd>фильтрационный аппарат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brachiopods</kwd><kwd>lophophore</kwd><kwd>tentacle</kwd><kwd>mantle</kwd><kwd>filter feeders</kwd><kwd>filtration apparatus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РНФ, РФФИ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyman L.H. The invertebrates. Vol. 5. Smaller coelomate groups. N.Y.: McCraw–Hill, 1959. 783 pp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyman L.H. The invertebrates. Vol. 5. Smaller coelomate groups. 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