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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-bio-msu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0137-0952</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Lomonosov Moscow State University,  School of Biology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-bio-msu-795</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние диазепама, пирацетама и мексидола на условный рефлекс пассивного избегания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of diazepam, piracetam and mexidol on passive avoidance response</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иноземцев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Inozemtsev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иноземцев Анатолий Николаевич — доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник кафедры высшей нервной деятельности биологического факультета МГУ.</p><p>119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12, тел.: 8-495-939-50-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskiye gory 1—12, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_inozemtsev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережной</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnoy</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бережной Даниил Сергеевич — кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник кафедры высшей нервной деятельности биологического факультета МГУ, научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической и экспериментальной нейрохимии ФГБНУ «Научный центр неврологии».</p><p>119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12; 125367, Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д. 80, тел.:8-495-939-50-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Higher Nervous Activity, School of Biology Lomonosov MSU; Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry SCN.</p><p>Leninskiye gory 1—12, Moscow, 119234; Volokolamsk, Highway 80, Moscow, 125367</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b@neurobiology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новоселецкая</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novoseletskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новоселецкая Анна Владимировна — кандидат биологических наук, ст. научный сотрудник кафедры высшей нервной деятельности биологического факультета МГУ.</p><p>119234, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12. тел.:8-495-939-50-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Higher Nervous Activity, School of Biology</p><p>Leninskiye gory 1—12, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neuron1211@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; Научный центр неврологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Scientific Center of Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>270–276</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иноземцев А.Н., Бережной Д.С., Новоселецкая А.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иноземцев А.Н., Бережной Д.С., Новоселецкая А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Inozemtsev A.N., Berezhnoy D.S., Novoseletskaya A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/795">https://vestnik-bio-msu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/795</self-uri><abstract><p>В опытах на крысах сопоставлено влияние анксиолитика диазепама и но-отропов пирацетама и мексидола на условный рефлекс пассивного избегания (УРПИ) в трехкамерной установке, состоящей из центрального освещенного отсека, темного опасного отсека, в котором крыса получала удар током, и темного безопасного отсека, в котором она не подвергалась электроболевому воздействию. Удар током при выработке УРПИ вызвал у контрольных животных резкое увеличение латентного периода ухода из центрального отсека при тестировании, но при этом не привёл к выбору безопасного отсека. На основе этих данных о различном воздействии удара на УРПИ было сформулировано предположение о том, что процессы обучения, которые обусловливают задержку двигательной реакции и выбор безопасного отсека, имеют различную ассоциативную природу. Увеличение латентного периода связано с классическим условнорефлекторным страхом безотносительно к месту воздействия удара током. Выбор безопасного отсека, напротив, связан с формированием следа памяти о местоположении электрокожного раздражения. Использование фармакологических веществ, по-разному влияющих на страх и память, дало дополнительные аргументы в пользу предположения о различных ассоциативных процессах, определяющих формирование УРПИ. Снижение уровня страха с помощью диазепама уменьшило латентный период двигательной реакции относительно контрольной величины, но не повлияло на выбор безопасного отсека. В отличие от этого, мнемотропные свойства пирацетама и мексидола увеличили предпочтение безопасного отсека без увеличения латентного периода. Эти дифференцированные фармакологические эффекты подтверждают, что УРПИ основан на формировании условной реакции страха, которая вызывает увеличение латентного периода ухода из центрального отсека, и памяти о месте электроболевого воздействия, которая обеспечивает выбор безопасного отсека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In experiments on rats, we compared the influence of anxiolytic diazepam and nootropics piracetam and mexidol on passive avoidance conditioning (PAC) in a three compartment apparatus that consisted of a light compartment, a dark dangerous compartment in which foot shock was delivered and a dark safe one where the rats were not punished. Electric foot shock during PAC caused a sharp increase in the latent period of the central compartment leaving during the testing in the control animals, but did not lead to the safe compartment choice. Based on these data on the differential impact of the foot shock on PAC, we formulated the assumption that learning processes, which determined the motor response delay and the safe compartment selection, had different associative nature. The increase in the latent period is associated with the classical fear conditioning regardless of the place of the current impact. The safe compartment choice, on the contrary, is associated with the memory trace formation about the location of the foot shock exposure. The use of pharmacological substances that affect fear and memory in different ways gave additional arguments in favor of the assumption of various associative processes that determined PAC. Reducing the level of fear with diazepam reduced the latent period of motor response relative to the control value, but did not affect the choice of a safe compartment. In contrast, the mnemotropic properties of piracetam and mexidol increased the preference for a safe compartment without increasing the latent period. These differential pharmacological effects confirm that PAC is based on the conditioned responses of fear, which causes an increase in latent period of leaving the central compartment, and on the memory of the electrical exposure location which provides the safe compartment choice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модифицированное пассивное избегание</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>диазепам</kwd><kwd>пирацетам</kwd><kwd>мексидол</kwd><kwd>условнорефлекторный страх</kwd><kwd>выбор безопасного отсека</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modified passive avoidance</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>diazepam</kwd><kwd>piracetam</kwd><kwd>mexidol</kwd><kwd>conditioned fear</kwd><kwd>safe compartment choosing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке госзадания «Нейробиологические основы поведения животных» (номер гостемы 11-116, номер ЦИТИС АААА-А16-116021660055-1)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bures J, Buresova O, Huston J. 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