Наночастицы городской пыли вызывают провоспалительную активацию нейтрофилов и макрофагов

Частицы городской пыли служат важнейшим патогенным фактором при заболеваниях дыхательных путей, таких как астма и хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, а также повышают риск развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и рака легких. Наночастицы (НЧ) различного происхождения являются важным компонентом городской пыли, однако их воздействие на организм человека практически не изучено. В настоящей работе было исследовано влияние НЧ городской пыли на клетки врожденного иммунитета, нейтрофилы и макрофаги in vitro. В работе были использованы НЧ, выделенные из образцов городской пыли с помощью метода проточного фракционирования частиц во вращающейся спиральной колонке. Показано, что НЧ пыли вызывают статистически значимое повышение продукции активных форм кислорода в нейтрофилах человека. Преинкубация нейтрофилов с НЧ пыли приводила к четырехкратному усилению продукции активных форм кислорода в ответ на хемоаттрактантный пептид N-формил-метионил-лейцил-фенилаланин, что свидетельствует об эффекте праймирования нейтрофилов наночастицами. У макрофагов, полученных при дифференцировке клеток моноцитарной линии THP-1, НЧ пыли стимулировали секрецию провоспалительных цитокинов, фактора некроза опухолей и интерлейкина-6. Добавление антибиотика полимиксина B, способного связывать липополисахарид бактериальной стенки, снижало воспалительную активацию нейтрофилов и макрофагов. Полученные данные указывают на то, что провоспалительное действие НЧ городской пыли на нейтрофилы и макрофаги, по крайней мере отчасти, связано с присутствием в них липополисахарида бактериальной стенки.

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