Влияние микропластика на экспрессию генов и микрофлору в толстой кишке мышей в норме и при остром колите

В связи с растущим загрязнением окружающей среды микропластиком (МП) актуален вопрос о его влиянии на здоровье человека. Предполагается, что МП способствует развитию воспалительных заболеваний кишечника, поэтому мы оценили влияние длительного потребления МП на экспрессию генов, связанных с барьерной функцией толстой кишки, и состав просветной микрофлоры у здоровых мышей и животных с острым колитом. Воздействие МП моделировали заменой питьевой воды на суспензию 10 мг/л частиц полистирола диаметром 5 мкм в течение 6 нед. Для моделирования острого колита с 36-х по 40-е сут эксперимента в поилки добавляли декстрансульфат натрия до конечной концентрации 1%. У здоровых мышей МП вызывал повышение экспрессии мРНК трансмембранного муцина Muc3, белков плотных контактов Cldn4, Cldn7, проапоптического фактора Bax и антиапоптотического фактора Bcl2, что в целом указывает на активацию синтетических процессов в эпителии кишечника и является адаптивной реакцией. В составе микрофлоры наблюдалось увеличение представленности рода Aestuariispira. При колите на фоне потребления МП по сравнению с колитом без МП наблюдалась более низкая экспрессия мРНК Cldn4, Bax, более высокая экспрессия Muc13 и сниженное отношение Bax/Bcl2, отличалось содержание бактерий 24 родов. 

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