EVOLUTION OF UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and is a cause of dementia that is linked to atrophic changes in the brain. There are two forms of AD: familial earlyonset form of AD (FAD, which accounts for ~5% of all cases) and sporadic late-onset AD (SAD, which accounts for ~95% of all cases). Identification of genetic determinants of FAD and proof of the neurotoxic effects of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) as a central event in the cascade of pathological processes significantly expanded understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of the disease. However, the question of whether the accumulation of Aβ triggering factor for the most common SAD remain poorly understood. It is assumed that Aβ overproduction apparently becomes the secondary event of pathological processes of AD: synaptic failure, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss and cognitive decline. As one of the risk factors for development of AD is mitochondrial dysfunction, a consequence of which becomes a decrease of ATP synthesis and oxidative stress. However, the specific molecular and genetic mechanisms of AD remain unclear. A major problem in AD research is the lack of an animal model that accurately replicates the human disease. This shortage makes it difficult to study the underlying mechanisms and to explore additional risk factors and therapeutic approaches to AD.
About the Authors
N. A. Stefanova
Sector of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva pr. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
N. G. Kolosova
Sector of Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyeva pr. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Chair of Cytology and Genetics, Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova ul. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Stefanova N.A., Kolosova N.G. EVOLUTION OF UNDERSTANDING OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya. 2016;(1):6-13. (In Russ.)
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