PHOTOTROPHIC PICOEUKARYOTES OF THE ONEGA BAY, THE WHITE SEA: ABUNDANCE AND SPEСIES COMPOSITION
Abstract
The abundance, biomass and species composition of phototrophic picoeukaryotes (PPE, cells size less than 3 μm) were studied in Onega Bay of the White Sea in June 2015. The highest PPE abundance and biomass were registered in the 0–5 m water layer. In the bay the average (in the 0–5 m water layer) abundance and biomass varied from 0 to 36,8 ·104 cell/l and from 0 to 117 μg С/m3, respectively. The Illumina sequencing of V4 region of 18S rRNA gene revealed eight classes of PPE. Mamiellophyceae dominated both in number of reads and operational taxonomic units. The green algae Bathycoccus prasinos, Ostreococcus tauri and Micromonas pusila, as well as diatoms Skeletonema marinoi and Minidiscus trioculatus were identified to species level.
About the Authors
T. A. BelevichRussian Federation
Department of Hydrobiology, School of Biology
Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
L. V. Ilyash
Russian Federation
Department of Hydrobiology, School of Biology
Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
I. A. Milyutina
Russian Federation
Leninskiye gory 1–40, Moscow, 119234, Russia
M. D. Logacheva
Russian Federation
Leninskiye gory 1–40, Moscow, 119234, Russia
A. V. Troitsky
Russian Federation
Leninskiye gory 1–40, Moscow, 119234, Russia
References
1. Li W.K., McLaughlin F.A., Lovejoy C., Carmack E.C. Smallest algae thrive as the Arctic Ocean freshens // Science. 2009. Vol. 326. N 5952. P. 539.
2. Kirkham A.R., Lepère C., Jardillier L.E., Not F., Bouman H., Mead A., Scanlan D.J. A global perspective on marine photosynthetic picoeukaryote community structure // The ISME J. 2013. Vol. 7. N 5. P. 922–936.
3. Kilias E.S., Nöthig E.-M., Wolf C., Metfies K. Picoeukaryote plankton composition off West Spitsbergen at the entrance to the Arctic Ocean // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2014. Vol. 61. N 6. P. 569–579.
4. Metfies K., von Appen W.-J., Kilias E., Nicolaus A., Nöthig E.-M. Biogeography and photosynthetic biomass of arctic marine pico-eukaryotes during summer of the record sea ice minimum 2016 // PLoS ONE. 2016. Vol. 11. N 2. e0148512.
5. Intergovernmental panel on climate change. Working group I 2007. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change / Eds. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H.L. Miller. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007. 996 pp.
6. Lovejoy C., Vincent W.F., Bonilla S., Roy S., Martineau M.J., Terrado R., Potvin M., Massana R., Pedros-Alio C. Distribution, phylogeny, and growth of cold-adapted picoprasinophytes in arctic seas // J. Phycol. 2007. Vol. 43. N 1. P. 78–89.
7. Berger V., Dahle S., Galaktionov K., Kosobokova X., Naumov A., Rat’kova T., Savinov V., Savinova T. White Sea. Ecology and Environment. St-Petersburg: Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, 2001. 157 p.
8. Belevich T.A., Ilyash L.V., Milyutina I.A., Logacheva M.D., Goryunov D.V., Troitsky A.V. Metagenomic analyses of White Sea picoalgae: first data // Biochemistry. 2015. Vol. 80. N 11. P. 1514–1521.
9. Belevich T.A., Ilyash L.V., Zimin A.V., Kravchishina M.D., Novikhin A.E., Dobrotina E.D. Peculiarities of summer phytoplankton spatial distribution in Onega Bay of the White Sea under local hydrophysical conditions // Moscow Univ. Biol. Sci. Bull. 2016. Vol. 71. N 3. P. 135–140.
10. Hillebrand H., Dürselen C.-D., Kirschtel D., Pollingher U., Zohary T. Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae // J. Phycol. 1999. Vol. 5. N 2. P. 403–424.
11. Verity P.G., Robertson C.Y., Tronzo C.R., Andrews M.G., Nelson J.R., Sieracki M.E. Relationship between cell volume and the carbon and nitrogen content of marine photosynthetic nanoplankton // Limnol. Oceanogr. 1992. Vol. 37. N 7. P. 1434–1446.
12. Schloss P.D., Westcott S.L., Ryabin T. et al. Introducing mothur: open-source, platform- independent, community- supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009. Vol. 75. N 23. P. 7537–7541.
13. Quast C., Pruesse E., Yilmaz P., Gerken J., Schweer T., Yarza P., Peplies J., Glockner F.O. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and webbased tools // Nucleic Acids Res. 2013. Vol. 41. N D1. P. D590–D596.
14. Vaulot D., Eikrem W., Viprey M., Moreau H. The diversity of small eukaryotic phytoplankton (≤3 μm) in marine ecosystems // FEMS Microb. Rev. 2008. Vol. 32. N 5. P. 795–820.
15. Zhu F., Massana R., Not F., Marie D., Vaulot D. Mapping of picoeucaryotes in marine ecosystems with quantitative PCR of the 18S rRNA gene // FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2005. Vol. 52. N 1. P. 79–92.
16. Worden A.Z., Lee J.-H., Mock T. et al. Green evolution and dynamic adaptations revealed by genomes of the marine picoeukaryotes Micromonas // Science. 2009. Vol. 324. N 5924. P. 268–272.
17. Choi D.Y., An S.M., Chun S., Yang E.C., Selph K.E., Lee C.M., Noh J.H. Dynamic changes in the composition of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in the northwestern Pacific Ocean revealed by high-throughput tag sequencing of plastid 16S rRNA genes // FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2016. Vol. 92. N 2. fiv170.
18. Ilyash L.V., Belevich T.A., Stupnikova A.N., Drits A.V., Flint M.V. Effects of local hydrophysical conditions on the spatial variability of phytoplankton in the White Sea // Oceanology. 2015. Vol. 55. N 2. P. 216–225.
19. Zhang F., He J., Lin L., Jin H. Dominance of picophytoplankton in the newly open surface water of the central Arctic Ocean // Polar Biol. 2015. Vol. 38. N 7. P. 1081–1089.
20. Clayton S., Lin Y.-C., Follows M.J., Worden A.Z. Coexistence of distinct Ostreococcus ecotypes at an oceanic front // Limnol. Oceanogr. 2017. Vol. 62. N 1. P. 75–88.
21. Simmons M.P., Bachy C., Sudek S., van Baren M.J., Sudek L., Ares M. Jr., Worden A.Z. Intron invasions trace algal speciation and reveal nearly identical Arctic and Antarctic Micromonas populations // Mol. Biol. Evol. 2015. Vol. 32. N 9. P. 2219–2235.
22. Ichinomiya M., Lopes dos Santos A., Gourvil P., Yoshikawa S., Kamiya M., Ohki K., Audic S., Vargas C. de Noël M.-H., Vaulot D., Kuwata A. Diversity and oceanic distribution of the Parmales (Bolidophyceae), a picoplanktonic group closely related to diatoms // ISME J. 2016. Vol. 10. N 10. P. 2419–2434.
23. Balzano S., Marie D., Gourvil P., Vaulot D. Composition of the summer photosynthetic pico and nanoplankton communities in the Beaufort Sea assessed by T-RFLP and sequences of the 18S rRNA gene from flow cytometry sorted samples // The ISME J. 2012. Vol. 6. N 8. P. 1480–1498.
24. Marquardt M., Vader A., Stübner E.I., Reigstad M., Gabrielsen T.M. Strong seasonality of marine microbial eukaryotes in a high-Arctic fjord (Isfjorden, West Spitsbergen) // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2016. Vol. 82. N 6. P. 1868–1880.
Review
For citations:
Belevich T.A., Ilyash L.V., Milyutina I.A., Logacheva M.D., Troitsky A.V. PHOTOTROPHIC PICOEUKARYOTES OF THE ONEGA BAY, THE WHITE SEA: ABUNDANCE AND SPEСIES COMPOSITION. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya. 2017;72(3):128-134. (In Russ.)