THE PARADOXICAL INFLUENCE OF SEMAX AND AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE COEXPOSURE ON LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS
Abstract
Combined effects of Semax with an aqueous solutions of lead diacetate (10–7 M) and ammonium molybdate (10–5 M) on the two-way active avoidance learning in rats in the Shuttle box have been studied. It was established that both salts of heavy metals depressed learning and memory; greater inhibition was caused by the lead diacetate. Semax inhibited the avoidance learning but counteracted the negative impact on this process on the part of both metals. Additionally, the influence of Semax on avoidance learning paradoxically increased in the presence of ammonium molybdate, which inhibited avoidance responses when injected alone. Avoidance learning in rats coexposed to the peptide and ammonium molybdate was much faster than in rats injected by Semax. Overall, the data indicate that Semax counteracts the neurotoxic effect of the salts of lead and molybdenum. As the main mechanism of the neurotoxic impact of heavy metals is oxidative stress, the positive effect of Semax could, in our opinion, serve as confirmation of the presence of antioxidant properties in the spectrum of the peptide pharmacological activity.
About the Authors
A. N. Inozemtsev
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Department of Higher Nervous Activity
Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
S. B. Bokieva
North Ossetian State University
Russian Federation
Vatutin str. 44–46, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Russia
Russian Federation
Vatutin str. 44–46, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Russia
O. V. Karpukhina
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Department of Higher Nervous Activity
Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
Kosygina str. 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia
K. Z. Gumargalieva
Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS
Russian Federation
Kosygina str. 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia
Russian Federation
Kosygina str. 4, Moscow, 119991, Russia
A. A. Kamenskii
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, School of Biology
Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
N. F. Myasoedov
5Institute of Molecular Genetics, RAS
Russian Federation
Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
Russian Federation
Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
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Review
For citations:
Inozemtsev A.N., Bokieva S.B., Karpukhina O.V., Gumargalieva K.Z., Kamenskii A.A., Myasoedov N.F. THE PARADOXICAL INFLUENCE OF SEMAX AND AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE COEXPOSURE ON LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RATS. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya. 2017;72(3):174-178. (In Russ.)
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