BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLDS BASED ON FIBROIN FOR BONE TISSUE REGENERATION

The use of tissue-engineering constructs based on scaffolds that imitate the extracellular matrix of living tissue unveils new opportunities in the treatment of various pathologies and injuries associated with tissue and organ damage. Silk fibroin of silkworm Bombyx mori is a biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer with high mechanical strength and elasticity. These features allow creating scaffolds on its basis for regeneration of various tissues,  including bone tissue. In the present work fibroin scaffolds were obtained in form of porous sponges, films and hybrid scaffolds. The last ones are bilayer structures in which the porous sponges intrinsic three-dimensional structure is limited on the one side by the film. The structure of scaffolds and their biocompatibility was studied. The tests showed that immortalized and primary fibroblasts, as well as osteoblast-like cells, successfully adhere and proliferate on the surface of the studied scaffolds. Numerous osteogenesis foci were observed in the implant region in the in vivo experiments on the rat femoral bone defect model four weeks after the implantation of the fibroin porous scaffold. These results indicate the osteoconduction of the scaffolds.

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