GROWTH OF TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA DOLICHOSPERMUM FLOS-AQUAE (ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE) IN THE WATERS OF BOREAL ZONE

The aim of this work was to study the life cycle of cyanobacteria Dolichospermum flos-aquae, causing the «blooming» of waters of the boreal zone. The mass propagation of the D. flos-aquae in the plankton stage occurs due to their ability to realize high biotic potential, defined by the combination of features developed during evolution, which the other partners of the plankton community lack. These include: adaptation to a certain growth temperature; low demand for nutrients; nitrogen fixation and intracellular accumulation of phosphates; the ability of trichomes to migrate, allowing to occupy the optimal parts of euphotic zones for photosynthesis. It is established that during the planktonic stage the trichomes of D. flos-aquae consists of heterocysts and vegetative cells of different maturity, generosity and activity, the ratio of which changes throughout the life cycle of microorganisms. It is believed that the primary and secondary metabolites released by D. flos-aquae into the medium take part in the regulation of own population growth including the cell destruction at the final stage of «blooming», akinetes formation and the simultaneous suppression of propagation of community partners. With the dominance of one species, the released toxic metabolites increase in years with anticyclone type of weather, resulted in the reducing of species diversity and the simplifying of the biotic community structure.

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