LOV- И BLUF-ФЛАВОПРОТЕИНЫ: РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫЕ ФОТОРЕЦЕПТОРЫ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ И ФОТОСЕНСОРНЫЕ АКТИВАТОРЫ В ОПТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ

В последние годы показано, что LOV (light, oxygen, voltage)- и BLUF (Blue Light sensing Using FAD)-фотосенсорные белки выполняют функции фоторецепторов светорегулируемых процессов не только у эукариот, но и у многих прокариот. У бактериальных фоторецепторов LOV- и BLUF-домены с присоединенными флавиновыми хромофорами часто связаны с разными ферментными и другими эффекторными доменами и составляют модульные системы, переключаемые светом. К настоящему времени достигнут прогресс в раскрытии механизмов фотоактивации таких систем. Они основаны на индуцированных фотореакциями хромофоров изменениях в фотосенсорных доменных структурах и последующей трансдукции сигнала к эффекторным доменам. Знание принципов трансдукции сигнала LOV- и BLUF-фотосенсорами имеет важное значение для создания на их основе фотопереключаемых ферментов и транскрипционных систем, применяемых в оптогенетике — новой и активно развивающейся области клеточной биологии и биотехнологии. Рассматриваются структурные аспекты передачи сигнала светоактивированными LOV- и BLUF-фоторецепторами и их регуляторные функции у бактерий, а также некоторые недавние достижения в использовании LOV-и BLUF-фотосенсоров в качестве активаторов в оптогенетических системах для регуляции клеточных процессов.

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