EVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, i.e., the ability of a genotype to produce various phenotypes in response to changes in the environment, plays an important, although poorly understood and often underestimated, role in evolution. Both adaptive and non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity modulate the strength and direction of selection acting on population and can, depending on conditions, either accelerate or inhibit adaptation, divergence and speciation. Phenotypic plasticity also affects the direction of evolutionary change which can either coincide with the direction of plastic changes (genetic assimilation) or be the opposite (genetic compensation). A special case of phenotypic plasticity is phenotypic change of the host caused by changes in its symbiotic microbiota. In the current review, we discuss the main forms of phenotypic plasticity and the current data on their impact on the rate and direction of evolutionary change. Special attention is paid to the results of recent experimental work, including the long-term evolutionary experiment on Drosophila melanogaster which is being held at the Department of Evolutionary Biology,SchoolofBiology,MoscowStateUniversity.
About the Authors
A. V. Markov
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow;
Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Russian Federation
Department of Biological Evolution, School of Biology
Russian Federation
Department of Biological Evolution, School of Biology
S. B. Ivnitsky
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
Russian Federation
Department of Biological Evolution, School of Biology
Russian Federation
Department of Biological Evolution, School of Biology
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For citations:
Markov A.V., Ivnitsky S.B. EVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya. 2016;(4):3-11. (In Russ.)
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