Diaphragm: relationship between the regulation of blood supply and the characteristics of the contractile function
Abstract
The diaphragm is a unique skeletal muscle, it is active throughout the life and therefore differs from locomotor muscles in the properties of muscle fibers and the mechanisms blood supply control. In this review, we aimed to survey the structural characteristics of diaphragm muscle tissue, which provide its integral contractile properties, to compare the activity of vascular tone control mechanisms in the diaphragm and locomotor muscles and to explore their relationship with the regulation of contractile function. The diaphragm differs from most other skeletal muscles with a high content of both slow, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers of type I and fast fibers of type IIb, which provides endurance and high speed-power characteristics of the diaphragm. The muscle fibers in the diaphragm are smaller, and the density of capillarization is much higher than in locomotor muscles. Arteries and arterioles that regulate blood supply to the diaphragm capillary bed combine the properties of arteries from muscles composed mainly of oxidative or glycolytic fibers, which provides blood flow in the diaphragm, adequate to its functional load with various patterns of activity. Compared to locomotor muscles, the mechanisms of vasoregulation in the diaphragm can qualitatively differ in the proximal and distal parts of the vascular bed. The functional properties of the proximal arteries can be explained, in particular, by their proximity to the aorta and their small length. The contractile characteristics and blood supply of the diaphragm in various conditions should be taken into account when conducting respiratory muscle training in sports and rehabilitation medicine.
About the Authors
A. A. Borzykh
Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology
Khoroshevskoe shosse 76A, Moscow, 123007
O. L. Vinogradova
Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76A, Moscow, 123007;
Department of Ecological and Extreme Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosovskiy prospect 27–1, Moscow, 119991
O. S. Tarasova
LInstitute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76A, Moscow, 123007;
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Leninskiye gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234
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For citations:
Borzykh A.A., Vinogradova O.L., Tarasova O.S. Diaphragm: relationship between the regulation of blood supply and the characteristics of the contractile function. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 16. Biologiya. 2020;75(2):55-64. (In Russ.)
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