It is shown that different sudden changes in experimental conditions cause analogous responses and neurotropic effects in higher vertebrates, lower vertebrates and higher invertebrates. Such universality is evidently based on nonspecific activation of organism defensive reserves caused by sudden changes in animal environment which is evolutionary related with threat for the physical integrity of organisms and on nonspecific principles in neurotropic substances.

It has been shown, that chronicle (7 days) intranasal injection of PGArg and GPArg peptide in a doze of 1mg/kg of weight of a body of animals before injection to them diabetogenic dozes alloxan promoted preservation normoglycemia in blood. Similar introduction to rats PGPArg peptide did not provide protection of an organism from diabetes mellitus development. The quantity islets in a pancreas of this group remains comparable to norm, however, the total of cells in islet was authentic below norm, as well as in the control. As preventive antidiabetic means the best results have been received at use GPArg peptide.

Monitoring of white rat pups behavior was hold in “open field” (21 days old) and in maze with food reinforcement (36—41 days old). Opioid fragment of wheat gluten exorphin C was injected acute (10 min before testing) and chronically (1—14 days after birth). As shown, acute administration didn’t provide pronounced influence on rat’s behavior. In chronic series same peptide dose (5 mg/kg, i/p) increased orientative-trying activity, learning ability and decreased anxiety. Delayed effects of exorphin C were more expressed in female groups.

Some properties of endogenous invertebrates retroviruses belonging to Errantiviridae (Meta-viridae) are analyzed learning by example of mobile element gypsy of Drosophila melanogaster. Possible evolution events and mechanisms of their origin from retrotransposons by joining with genes from viruses of different systematic groups are considered. The most important role of the locus flamenco in a processes of inner immunity to gypsy in Drosophila melanogaster is affirmed.

Number, dynamics of distribution for 10 years and relations between density and the rate of the urbanization of the nine species of Turdidae in Kaliningrad were calculated. The area of spatial distribution of the most species increased in 2—15 times for the last ten years. The positive relation between the birds’ number and the rate of the urbanization is revealed in the Redstart (RN 142 = 0,16; р = 0,049) and in the Black Redstart (RN 134 = 0,25; р = 0,03,), the negative relation — in the Nightingale (RN 134 = –0,23; р = 0,006) and in the Robin (RN43 = –0,28; р = 0,06). The number of the Whinchat, Wheatear and thrushes does not depend on the rate of the urbanization.

On the changing of on environment viable organisms answered by apprropriate reaction shows the degree of “openness”. Changes of biochemical composition and spatial orientation of the major biopolymers of cells and cultures liquid of greeen algae by method of noninvasive analysis had been shown.