Transposition activity of Drosophila melanogaster gypsy retrotransposon is controlled by flamenco locus. Transposition activity of the gypsy, ZAM, Idefix, springer, nomad, rover, Quasimodo, 17.6, 297, Tirant retrotransposons has been investigated in genomes of D. melanogaster SS and MS strains mutant for the flamenco gene. It has been shown that gypsy, ZAM and Idefix have different genomic surrounding in studied strains, that is the evidence of their transposition.

It is known that spectral sensitivity curves of shrimp M. relicta (Crustacea) have more long-wave position than the actual spectra of their visual pigments. We evaluated the possible role of screening pigments in the formation of the long-wavelength shift. In microspectrophotometrical measurements of screening granules in the eyes of M. relicta it is shown that the most of the granules have a characteristic spectrum of xanthommatin (lmax 455 nm) with a selective absorption in the blue region. According to the mathematical calculations carried out, light filtering through these granules allows getting the spectral sensitivity curve that is identical to the real spectral sensitivity.

Ability of ecological control methods of anthropogenic influence on ecosystems are examined. The biotic approach for estimation of ecological status of living systems: dialysis cultivation of microorganisms population is offered. Dialysis cultures are characterized by high levels of biomass accumulation and considerable increase the exponential and stationary stage duration. Cells status at dialysis method correspond in series aspects to microorganisms behaviour in real nature conditions. Methodology of analysis of microbial cell responses on the effects of external factors is suggested. It is based on changes registration of space-time parameters of cell populations by layer noninvasive analysis with using of internal reflection spectroscopy.

The possibility of using the quantitative characteristics of species variety of zoobenthos for bioindication, obtained by ecological monitoring lakes in the Mari El Republic, is investigated. The analysis of following influences on the characteristics of variety is carried out: 1) errors in calculation of zoobenthos species numbers; 2) the method of evaluating the parameters of rank distributions; 3) the adequacy degree of model of distribution; 4) relationship between the characteristic of evenness of variety and species diversity; 5) the hydrochemical status of lake; 6) belonging samples to reserve nature territory. The characteristics of variety are proposed, which are adequate to data of monitoring. Evaluation of border between well-being and trouble values of these characteristics is made. The recommendations regarding the application of the variety zoo-benthos characteristic for bioindication the water quality of the lakes in the Mari El Republic are formulated.

The method noninvasive the analysis in no polarized light gives characteristics of the basic biochemical components of superficial structures and the whole cells of unicellular green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta and Tetraselmis viridis before influence of electromagnetic field of industrial frequency. Basic distinctions of cells of cultures of green algae to influence of electromagnetic field, shown in change of the basic biochemical components and gradients of their concentration are shown. As a rule, these changes result in transformation of a metabolism.

The duplex coefficient of specific correlation was applied for the first time for estimation of possible interaction between water and terrestrial hyphomycetes (Alternaria sp. и Fusarium sp.) and oomycete Achlya sp. under microcosm conditions. Values of the either direct or indirect coefficient for correlation between water and terrestrial hyphomycetes and oomycete Achlya sp. were predominantly negative. Values of the coefficient for correlation between more frequent water hyphomycete species were more often positive or near 0. Rare water hyphomycete species had usually more or less distinct negative correlation with other water hyphomycete species.

Despite the almost secular period of Pacific cod investigation, the monitoring of condition of its stocks, many biological features and especially population structure remain poorly understood. The variability of DNA microsattelite loci Gmo3, Gmo34, Gmo35, and Pgmo32 in Pacific cod samples from different areas of the North Pacific was analyzed. The data obtained show that Pacific cod from the southern Kuril Islands significantly differs (the highest differentiation was inherent in microsattelite loci Gmo3 and Pgmo32) from populations of the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk and coastal waters of Canada. By this, Pacific cod of the three latter populations demonstrates high degree of similarity (I = 0,981—0,993) in spite of considerable geographic remoteness of these areas one from another.

Song repertoir of many species sparrow (Passeriformes) has not one, and some types of songs. We carried what two or had all three similar parts to songs of one type. In the investigated population of chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.) us it has been revealed 22 types of songs, 4 of which appeared rare (are found in 1—2 points) and 5 types of songs were combined (have consisted of phrases of different types of songs). The average size of chaffinch repertoir on Cu-ronian spit has been submitted by 2—3 types of songs (max — 6 types of songs, min — 1 type of song). The can testify to genetic heterogeneity of a population and microevolutionary processes which in it occur.

Even at present a large number of aspects of ontogenesis, morphology and systematization of the Cyclamen plants are studied not carefully enough. In this work a research of some Cyclamen's populations (from Maikop in Caucus and from the Crimea) are made and some ontogene-sis peculiarities of these two kindred spices are described.