In the present work the formation of proline—heparin complex is established. The way of reception of this complex in conditions in vitro is developed. The received complex at molar a parity proline and heparin 3 : 1 extended time of formation of fibrin clot, reduced platelet aggregation and showed lytic effect towards non-stabilized fibrin in vitro conditions. Through 10 minutes after intravenous introduction of the complex proline—heparin in blood of animals was marked the raised
levels of fibrindepolymerizing, anticoagulanting, antifibrinstabilizing and antiplatelet activity has been found out whereas its components — proline and heparin — those properties did not possess.

The effects of glyprolines (Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) and N-acetyl-PGP (Аc-PGP)) on the expression of cytokine genes in the ethanol ulcer formation were investigated. Determination of the activity of mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using methods of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. It was shown that in control animals the formation of ethanol damages of gastric mucosa in some cases accompanied by inhibition of transcription of IFN-a, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-a, and increase transcription of following cytokines IFN-g, IL-8, IL-10. PGP reduced the injury area by 38%, which is accompanied by increased gene expression of IL-1b (p < 0,05). The peptide Аc-PGP practically did not change the area of ethanol ulcers, but inhibited the transcription of IFN-a and TNF-a (p < 0,05) and IFN-g. Thus, the gastroprotective effect of PGP probably mediated through IL-1b.

Study tolerogenic properties of new non-pyrogenic low-endotoxic complex preparation composed of Shigella sonnei carbohydrate biopolymers under D-galactosamine and direct experimental endotoxic shock models. Pretreatment with complex preparation protects mice (CBA Ѕ C57Bl/6)F1 against lipopolysaccharide (E. coli O:55) — mediated death. We demonstrate correlation between increasing pre-immunization dose of complex preparation with rate of survival and reduction of TNF-a serum level under direct endotoxic shock model.

Freshwater algal community dynamic of 4 small model lakes was studied at Central Chernozem Nature Reserve (Russia, Kursk region). Fluctuation of species abundance and succession of main algal communities during the ice-free season were observed. Species diversity dynamic was correlated with dominant species abundance and unique species quantity. Diatims were on the basis of dominant algal
community. Species diversity of diatoms was the highest. It reached up to 90% of total species abundance in samples during the season.

Rare mushroom species such as Hericium coralloides, Cortinarius violaceus, Leccanium percandidum were found for the first time in Zubtsov district of Tver region. It is noted that looking for rare mushroom species more attention is to be turned to the type of the phytocoenosis.

The species composition and abundance of phytoplankton were determined in the Baydaratskaya Inlet (Kara Sea) in August 2005, July and September—October 2007. A total number of 220 species
were found. In surface layer the algae abundance came to 1,5—15,4 mg C/m3 (mean 5,7 ± 3,0 mg C/m3) in July, 1,2—11,8 mg C/m3 (mean 5,2 ± 2,8 mg C/m3) in August, 4,4—22,6 mg C/m3 (mean 12,8 ± ± 5,6 mg C/m3) in September—October. Heterogeneous community was encountered in July with dominating on biomass of marine diatoms, dinoflagellates and chrysophycean at the different parts of inlet. Dinoflagellates dominated at all stations with almost no exception in August, diatoms dominated in autumn with the most abundant species Paralia sulcata.

The influence of the low concentration of the 10-(2’,3’-dimethylhynonil-6’)-deciltriphenylphosphonium bromide upon the laboratory culture of the crustaceans Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg was investigated. The elevation of average and maximal lifespan and stimulation of heredity was founded out. The possible mechanism of phenomena is discussing.

The presence of viable hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms in the underground waters opened with the Vorotilovskya deep well (Puchezh-Katunki astroblem, at the distance of 75 km from Nizhny Novgorod, at the depth of 1900 and 3200 m) with the use of a method of the chromato-mass spectrometer analysis of the cellular wall specific biomarkers of microorganisms and classical bacteriological methods is established. Some species of microorganisms have been isolated in pure culture and identified. Two species of bacilli Bacillus pumilus KTB-2 and Bacillus subtilis KTB-4 remained in pure cultures at reinoculation. Influence of the medium mineralization and the degree of its aeration on the growth characteristics of Bacillus pumilus КТВ-2 in the periodic culture is studied.

Biological treatment features of spirit grain comparising about 10—20 g/1 saccharides and polysaccharides are examined. The most perspective microbial association concerning carbohydrates utilization and acetate accumulation serve as association “Tambucan silt”. This culture, immobilized on the polymeric matrixes, form biohybrid materials. The largest number of culture cells are adsorbed on the 9,11 and 9,21 matrixes. Cells, immobilized on this matrixes, more effective oxidize carbohydrates and produce more low redox-potential of medium. It is supposed in biohybrid materials are formed specific bacterial systems at the expense of preference development certain microbial group.

Critical estimation of literary information about yellow wagtail Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae, Motacillinae) is carrying out on boundary XIX—XX centuries, estimation of contemporary quantity, limited factories and regularities of species distribution on research territory of European part of Russia and the Middle Volga Region are gived.