Immunochemical investigation of two ELISA systems was carried aut. Thease system had different specifity to free and bound ABA. New immunochemical system for monitoring free ABA was sudgested. Practical possibility of thease ELISA-systems was demonstrated for the investigation of free and bound ABA dynamic in different plant tissues and organs of Triticum aestivum L. and Taraxacum officinale Web.

It was researched fluctuations of a degree of melanosome’s dispersion in pigment cells of tadpoles grass frog (Rana temporaria L.) during it’s stay in darkness. It was determined, that fluc tuations at first in cells of a retinal epithelium of eye (CRE) are appeared, then in dermal melanophores and after all in epidermal melanophores. The pattern of development of circadian rhythms has similar character in all researched melanincontaining cells: the oscillations are at first aperiodical and it gain circadian character in CRE to 22-th stage of larval development (Kopsch, 1952), in dermal melanophores — to 25-th, and for epidermal ones only after a metamorphosis. During development of a circadian rhythms is observed the increase of an amplitude of fluctuations of melanosome’s dispersion in pigment cells and the gradual decrease of high-frequency oscillations accompanying a main rhythm.

Distributions by ranks of abundance or biomass for organism groups in communities can be described by wide circle of quantitative models, however, existing accuracy of ecological data seldom allows to prefer any of them. Therefore it is offered to apply to the description of rank distributions in ecology the simplest models, containing the least amount of free parameters, or to use models, which grounds contains substantial reasons, additional to acceptable concurrence of model with experimental data.

Much more interestingly, than selection of approximating models, use of rank distributions for indication of ecological condition in communities on the scale “norm-pathology”. It is revealed, that in normal (not disturbed, background etc.) community condition parameters of rank distributions are in quite certain range of meanings, therefore deviations of parameters from meanings from “normal” range can serve criterion and measure of condition pathology. The deviations register stressful influences of abiotic environmental factors on biota. The practice of condition indication by diversity indices, which has taken roots in applied ecology, has the justification that practically all existing diversity indices are unequivocally connected to parameters of different models of rank distributions.

The paper revisits the role of the biota (living organisms, the sum of ecological and hydrobiological factors) in the regulation and stabilization of parameters of the biosphere, geophysical and geochemical processes and, as a result, in the prevening the extreme weather events and global change of the climate system. The shortlist of the seven most important functions of biota in doing so is formulated and commented. Some elements of the theory of the apparatus of the biosphere are given.

Results of research of season dynamics of phytoplankton total numbers and primary production in Uchinskoe reservoir in 1998—2001. Diatom and bluegreen algae play a leading role in seasonal succession of phytoplankton. These groups cause the seasonal number maxima. Spring blooms to be dominated by diatoms (90%) usually found on first ten days of May. Bluegreen algae appear in the phytoplankton in June and their numbers increase very quickly. Bluegreen algae dominate (98%) in phytoplankton till autumn.

Integral estimate of primary production to be made on experimental tests were calculated for seasonal succession periods. Production rates in different region of reservoir were distinguish, but exhibit commonly tendency to annual and seasonal variations. The maximal number seasons were characterized by maximal productivity.

In is shown, that in conditions of free swimming young carp Cyprinus carpio and gold fish Carassius auratus in thermogradient space the greatest effect of optimization energobudget is provided: acceleration of growth, reduction of the oxygen consumption per unit of body mass gain, increase of a degree of using of consumed food on growth.

Shoots cycles of Arctous alpina (L.) Nied., their general continuance and separate phase duration (intrabud, vegetation, flowering) were investigated in Kola Peninsula and Finnish Lapland mountain tundra. It was established, that cycle continuance vary from 3 up to 11 (perhaps more) years thanks to the number of annual vegetative growth. Initial intrabud phase, development of reproductive organs continued for 1 year. The shoot structure and morphogenesis, its vegetative and generative sphere, inflorescense and flower are discribed.