The influence of synthetic structural analogue of arginineasopressin (AVP) Ac-D-SPRG on orientation and exploratory activity and level of anxiety of white rats was studied. The c-D-SPRG was injected nasally in doses of 0,01; 0,1; 1,0 and 10,0 mg/kg in volume of 1 ml per 10 g of body weight 5 min before the testing. The analogue caused depression of orientation and exploratory activity (OEA) and increase of anxiety level in animals. The contradictory literature data give no opportunity to conclude unambiguously on mechanisms underlying bases of regulation of anxiety level and OEA from AVP but nevertheless confirm the participation of this hormone in given process.

Reprogramming of human cells are a perspective direction of development of cellular biology with distant prospect of use of the given methods for cellular-replacing therapy in clinical practice. One of problems rising on this way is low reprogramming efficiency and application of undesirable oncogenes in initial techniques. In this research we had been offered the alternative modified method of reprogramming human skin fibroblasts. It has been shown that the telomerase induction increases an exit of reprogrammed cells and allows to exclude oncogen c-Myc from a used set of genes.

The approaches to teaching, as part of the appropriate agreements, the cell biology of aging (cytogerontology) by scientists of the School of Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University at the Department of Life Science and Engineering of Harbin Institute of Technology (China) are described. Drawing attention to some differences in teaching biology between two institutions the authors emphasize the importance of system approach to the cytogerontology studying. The approach makes absolutely necessary an introductory course on basics of biology of aging. It is concluded that literal perception of the data of modern molecular-cell cytogerontological investigations by the students from both institutions is impossible without understanding the fundamental notions and definitions used in both theoretical and experimental gerontology.

Determination methodology of the biosystems state is suggested. It is based on changes registration of space-time parameters of cells and their outer structures in the microorganisms population of different taxonomic group by layer noninvasive analysis with using of internal reflection spectroscopy. Dependence revealed between organisms status and changes of spatial organization of cells and their outer structures. Suggested method allows appreciate character and degree of biosystem changes independently line action. It is supposed possibility application this method for different organisms state estimation.

Organic polymer materials (OPM) having different set of functional groups, the thickness and character of the fiber surface, the density of their packing in the canvas were synthesized . The study of OPM in order to assess possibilities of their use as sorbents for oil spills in water bodies were implemented. Synthesized OPM were used in the process of creation of bio-hybrid materials as matrixes for the immobilization of bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus sp. capable of degradation of oil. Presence of actively dividing bacterial cells forming of clusters were shown. Active nature of cell attachment onto polymeric surface due to intrusion and/or excretion of exstracellular biopolymeric matrix were detected. The influence of modification of polymer sorbents on bacterial immobilization was shown. Peculiarity of growth and specificity of cell morphology of bacterial culture are marked.

A method for comparative assessment of plant possibility to regrowth after defoliation was described. It combined in one score aboveground biomass and shoot number data from once and twofold biomass removal experiments. The scores were obtained for 42 alpine species of 4 plant communities. Weighted mean scores decreased in next row: Geranium-Hedysarum meadow > alpine lichen heath і snow bed community і Festuca varia grassland.

The possibility of the hair of horses’ mummies of different geological age using for the comparative microscopic and SEM analysis have been demonstrated. For the first time, hair microstructure of all horses’ mummies found in the Northern-Eastern Siberia was studied in comparative aspects. As hair microstructure of “Bilibinskaya Horse” (geological age is 58,5 thousand years) has no principal differences from that of the mummy of Equus lenensis (38,5—29,5 thousand years), their phylogenetic relationship has been supposed. It has been shown that during Pleistocene and Holocene the morphological adaptations of horses’ hair were formed due to the specific climatic conditions in the Northern-Eastern Siberia and domestication process.