The association of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and fungus Pleurotus ostreatus gives the possibility to study the molecular and genetic mechanisms of the early stages of the spatial and temporal interactions of animals with fungal pathogens. We identified the initial contacts of P. ostreatus and the nematode C. еlegans. We found that the fungus paralyzed C. еlegans, penetrated into their alive bodies either through natural openings or directly by piercing the cuticle and colonized them. We offer the new model host-pathogen association to study further the local defense reactions of C. elegans against fungal infection.

The results of changes in liver biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, urea, bilirubin) indicating the presence and type of liver injury in lead intoxication and the subsequent correction of pectin.

Highly specialized muscle fibers require a unique spatial organization of the mitochondrial network. Mitochondrial morphology is largely determined by the fusion and fission of these organelles. This review summarizes the current concepts of mitochondrial dynamic mechanisms and structural features of the mitochondrial network in striated muscle tissue. The role of mitochondria and their dynamics in muscle fiber physiology are also discussed.

The morpho-functional methods with ciliates Spirostomum ambiguum have been applied for assessing of different toxicants, g-radiation and electromagnetic pollution in aquatic environment. These methods have been also applied for analyzing of some homeopathic drugs. The experiments showed that Sp. ambiguum provides a useful and very sensitive experimental model for bioassay of low doses and low intensity chemical and physical factors in the aquatic environment.

The influence of temperature on mortality and developmental rate of common toad Bufo bufo was investigated in the laboratory conditions. It was shown that the rate of embryogenesis at +19°С increased almost 1,4 times as compared with the development of a temperature of +15°С. The temperature affects the resulting embryo mortality at the time of hatching primarily in the clutches with low survival.

This paper describes a features of the population of copepods Scottomyzon gibberum on starfishes Asterias rubens, which were collected during the growing season of 2012. The population increases from mid — June to late September. Population heterogeneity is shown, which can be attributed to anthropogenic load. Рopulation of copepods on starfish is higher in areas with high anthropogenic load. Population of copepods on starfishes increases with depth

There is the first list of phytopatogenic fungi of Biological Station nm. S.N. Skadovsky in Zvenigorod (ZBS). It includes 117 species from different taxa: Oomycota — 16 (only Peronosporales), Ascomycota — 31 (from wich Erysiphales — 23), Basidiomycota — 56 (from wich Pucciniales — 49), mitosporic fungi — 14

The article presents theoretical review of basic approaches to flora analysis, applied for characteristic of vegetation cover of different regions of the Earth. Key types of analyses (taxonomic) geographical, biomorphological, ecology-coenotic) were fulfilled by the example of flora of the Unzha river valley (Kostroma region, Central Russia). Complex flora analysis can be used for estimation of biodiversity both of plant communities and concrete territories