Melatonin (M) — a hormone developed at land vertebrata and human in endocrine gland — pineal. It is established that one of the main functions M is synchronization of work of all bodies, regulation of seasonal and daily rhythms of their physiological activity. Function of synchronization and regulation of the rhythm is carried out according to a daily rhythm of an expression to the Mdepending on day and night length. The M is capable to influence growth, development and physiological activity of varios types of cell is similar to growth factors, influencing mechanisms of signaling pathways and cascades. It is confirmed that processes of conception, pregnancy and child-bearing directly depend on a rhythm an a profile of secretion of a pineal hormone of M in a organism. In this reveiew attempt to unite available in literary data of participation of M in various physiological processes durind preimplantation and post-implantation periods of life of an organism is undertaken, its positive and negative effects on puberty stages, gametogenese, fertilisation and implantation.

It is known that aging of retina of humans and quails is very similar by a number of parameters, so the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica is considered as one of the most successful experimental animal models of accelerated aging of retina. Structural changes of pigment epithelium in the central area of retina were examined in Japanese quails (age 9, 25, 39—40, 52 weeks) by transmission electron microscopy and morphometric analysis. Our study revealed that in addition to accumulation of lipofuscin granules and ultrastructure changes in Bruch’s membrane, demonstrative subcellular markers of retinal pigment epithelium cell state at aging are alteration of mitochondria and nuclei shapes, decrease in myeloid bodies quantity and disorganization of basal infoldings.

Previously, we obtained a new viral vector, based on the Alternanthera mosaic virus strain MU (AltMV-MU). The gene of interest was placed under control of two subgenomic promoters (sgp). Viral vector provided the superexpression of target proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. In the present work, to increase the level of protein expression this viral vector was modified and the coat protein gene was placed under control of three sgp. The new viral vector provided superexpression of protein of interest in plants and its amount was more than 50% of the total soluble protein of cells. The comparison of the target protein expression efficiency in plants transformed by viral vectors contained two and three sgp, was done.

Analysis of alleles frequencies of 9 microsatellite loci of nuclear DNA of sables and pine martens revealed that this species from allopatric parts of species range highly significantly distinguish but in the sympatric zone in the Northern Urals interspecific hybridization is common. Sable and pine marten populations in sympatric zone keep their genetic isolation, but phenotypes of individuals not always correlate with their species (or hybrid) belonging, defined by genetic method.

For the bioindication of environment in 2010 and 2011 fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of wing venation in five populations of damselfly Isсhnura elegans (V.d. Lind.) is studied. The seasonal and sexual features of FA are estimated. Absence is found of correlation to different descriptions in FA of wings. For explaining to of the differently directed changes FA of damselflies of the studied populations under influence of temperature-oxygen stress 2010 year the hypothesis of the differentiated death rate of individuals is offered with shaky stability of development. Direct connection of FA of damselfly wings with environment stresses are called in a question as well as possibility to use her as an instrument of biomonitoring of the ecological quality of reservoirs.

We propose on the original data that the east part of the Novosibirsk region is boundary region between Western and Eastern Palearсtiс for the stream and river invertebrates. The western (European) faunistical elements are prevails in the flat areas, and the East-Siberian and western species are widely coexistent in the Salair elevation. Moreover, the western species prevails in the soft-bottom and phytal communities, and these communities are similar to the European. The East-Siberian species prevails in the rhithral (hard-bottom) communities, and partly in krenal communities. We describe the 17 regional types of the stream communities.

It was founded, that ryegrass seeds treatment by maleic hydrazide leads to deep and different transformation of basic structural components of leaves anatomy. The results of this transformation depend from leave development stage and increase with growing of leave number. The prolongation of treatment is more efficient than increasing of drug concentration and may as suppress the development of leaves and there vascular system so promote one. The connection between leaf anatomy transformation after maleic hydrazide treatment and genome function was discussed.

The integument of colonial kamptozoan Barentsia discreta is investigated in present work. Epidermis consists of monolayered unciliated epithelium which is covered by a microvillous cuticle composed of several layers. The floor of the atrial cavity and the frontal surface of tentacles are covered by a ciliated epithelium with a protocuticle. Sensory and secretory cells are present at the epidermis.

The morphology and ultrastructure of modern and fossil spores are investigated by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. We have grouped the study of spores in the two clusters: 1 — exospore of Anemia and Klukia form the echini of sculpture, 2 — exospore of Lygodium is smooth and perispore form the verrucae of sculpture.